Transthoracic approach is an independent risk factor for the development of new-onset AF after esophagectomy. New-onset AF is associated with severe post-operative complications and longer hospital stay. Minimally invasive approach does not decrease the incidence of new-onset AF.

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Establishment of lactobacilli in the digestive tract of germ-free chicks was studied using the organisms isolated from chickens, human infants and sour milk and those received from the American Type Culture Collection. In the case of monocontamination, intestinal lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. It was shown that lactobacilli were predominant in the digestive tract of chickens [11,15], and the lactobacillus flora was composed mainly of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. fermenti but rarely included other species [7]. Furthermore, the biotype of L. acidophilus from the chicken and the human showed a considerable difference [7].In the present studies, monocontamination and dicontamination of germ-free chicks with bacteria were attempted to shed light on the problems of why Lactobacillus species such as L. helveticus, L. jugurti, L. brevis, L. plantarum and L. casei are absent from the gut of chickens [7] and why the biotype I of L. acidophilus is rarely found in the gut of chickens [7]. It was expected that the monocontamination would determine whether or not chickens reject the colonization of the above species and L. acidophilus biotype I, and the dicontamination would determine whether or not an antagonistic activity of the indigenous microflora in the gut of chickens result in 1 Present address:

RF and RNY have equally good patient satisfaction at 3 years follow-up. RNY may have improved outcomes in patients who are morbid obese, have esophageal dysmotility, or have four or more risk factors.

The fragile esophagus caused by advanced patient age and/or dilatation were risk factor for mucosal injury during laparoscopic Heller-Dor procedure. And novice surgeon was also identified as an isolated risk factor for mucosal injury.

Background The influence of family history on oncological outcomes of prostate cancer remains controversial. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of family history of localized prostate cancer on oncological outcomes. Methods On May 2020, we systematically searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, and Scopus for studies that compared patients who had localized prostate cancer with or without a positive family history of prostate cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the association of family history with biochemical recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival by means of a multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Eleven studies with 39,716 patients were included in the systematic review, and eight studies with 33,027 patients for the meta-analysis. A positive family history was not associated with worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (pooled HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.79–1.17) or cancer-specific survival (pooled HR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.52–2.35). Subgroup analyses showed no association between positive family history and poor biochemical recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy (pooled HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.76–1.31) or radiation therapy (pooled HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.67–1.30). Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that family history of prostate cancer does not increase the risk of biochemical recurrence or cancer-specific mortality in localized prostate cancer patients.

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A 31-year-old man, referred to our hospital for investigation of dysphagia, was found to have a spindle-shaped lower esophagus on a contrasted esophagram. The dysphagia was initially treated conservatively, but after 4 years of unsatisfactory control, he requested surgery. Our surgical team has been performing laparoscopic Heller-Dor fundoplication for achalasia since August, 1994, and 265 patients have undergone this procedure so far. Based on our experience, we decided to perform Heller-Dor fundoplication through a single incision for this patient. The operative time was 236 min with minimal blood loss and there were no perioperative complications. His postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on postoperative day 4, completing the clinical pathway used for conventional laparoscopic Heller-Dor fundoplication.