The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that affects smartphone addiction of elementary school students. The subjects were 263 students, from 4 elementary schools located in G-city. Data were collected from July, 2014 and analyzed using SPSS 19.0 program. The prevalence of addiction risk group and non-addicted group were 16.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The variables which had statistically significant differences with smart phone addiction of general characteristics are grade, living together family, economic status, school record, motivation for usage, advantage of usage and using time (p<.05). There was pure correlation between the smartphone addiction and impulsivity (r=.496, p<.001), daily stress (r=.471, p<.001). However, perceived parental attitude (r=-.375, p<.001) and self-esteem (r=-.444, p<.001) were inverse correlation with smartphone addiction. Higher using time, higher impulsivity and higher daily stress were all associated with increased of smartphone addiction level. These results suggest that more attentions should be given to early adolescents and could be effectively used as fundamental data to develop intervention programs, which can prevent the smartphone addiction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a physical activity promotion program and identify it's effects on physical fitness, fall efficacy, vitality, happiness, and adaptation for older adults hospitalized in long-term care hospital.Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalence control group design. Older adults in long-term care hospitals were assigned to the experimental (n=28) or control group (n=27). The experimental group received a 12-week program consisting of total of 60 sessions, 5 times a week for 20-40 minutes per day.Results: The homogeneity test for the participant physical performance showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. There were a statistical significant differences between the two groups in muscular strength (Right t=13.81, <i>p</i>=.001, Left t=48.91, <i>p</i>=.001), muscle endurance (t=99.50, <i>p</i>=.001), cardiopulmonary endurance (t=50.12, <i>p</i>=.001), coordination (t=-7.94, <i>p</i>=.001), balance existed (t=-4.84, <i>p</i>=.001), flexibility (t=20.23, <i>p</i>=.001), fall efficacy (t=6.06, <i>p</i>=001), vitality (t=7.01, <i>p</i>=.001) and happiness (t=3.95, <i>p</i>=.001). There was no significant statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group for adaptation (t=0.74, <i>p</i>=.460).Conclusion: The results of this research supports the use of the physical activity promotion program developed in this research as a physical activity and happiness promoting program for older adults in long-term care hospital.