ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the impact of gender and expected gender roles on the career development of young female traditional Korean medicine (KM) doctors.DesignWe conducted semistructured interviews to examine the experiences of study subjects regarding early career choices, employment, job performance and career moves, as well as future career aspirations, from the perspective of gender. The transcription was analysed using the Strauss and Corbin constant comparative analysis method.SettingThe interview was conducted at a quiet and comfortable place selected by the participants in South Korea.ParticipantsTen female KM doctors in their 30s participated in the study.ResultsThis study reveals that, initially, the participating female KM doctors were unaware of their gender affecting career decisions. However, after graduation and during employment, female doctors experienced direct discrimination or gender segregation while selecting areas of treatment and specialty; they found that they were preferred to work in paediatrics and dermatology departments than in departments treating musculoskeletal health problems. Furthermore, after entering the workforce, female KM doctors found that their gender significantly affects patient–doctor relationships and life events, such as pregnancy and childbirth require temporary career breaks. In addition, female KM doctors assumed stereotypical gender roles both in the workplace and at home, as well as becoming the main nurturer of their children.ConclusionGender and stereotyped gender roles affect the overall career planning, career moves and even patient–doctor relationships of female KM doctors. Female doctors were also more likely to experience specific gender roles in the workplace and at home, including both childbirth and childrearing.
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with storage, voiding, and post-micturition reduce quality of life and cause mental health problems. In traditional medicine, Baliao points have been empirically used to treat urinary system diseases. In this review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using sacral acupuncture on Baliao points with sham treatment, other remedies, or other acupoints were retrieved from 8 electronic databases up to June 2021. Sixteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a risk-of-bias (ROB) tool. Most of the evaluation indicators used in the included RCTs showed that sacral acupuncture had a significant therapeutic effect compared with the sham control intervention groups, and other remedies. However, all studies using acupoints (other than the Baliao points) as a control intervention had a “high” ROB and only reported secondary processed information, making it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of sacral acupuncture treatment for LUTS. No serious adverse effects were reported for sacral acupuncture, and only a low number of minor side effects were observed. These results suggest that sacral acupuncture could be considered as an alternative to existing treatments, with the added benefit of low cost. Large-scale, long-term RCTs are required in the future.
Recurrent lung cancer with endobronchial obstruction after surgical resection due to lung cancer may lead to severe dyspnea, respiratory insufficiency and sudden death. Many palliative modalities including partial excision of endobronchial tumor, insertion of stent, and evaporation with laser, have been used for endobronchial obstruction due to recurrent endobronchial lung cancer. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), photosensitizer named photofrin, is infused intravenously at 48 hours before PDT, and diode laser of an appropriate wavelength is applied to induce destruction of tumor mass with 200∼250 J/ cm 2 . We report 2 cases of treatment using PDT for endobronchial obstruction due to recurrent endobronchial lung cancer after surgical resection. 입원하여 시행한 흉부전산화 단층 촬영상 좌측 주기관지를
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