Although transvenous access for atrioventricular pacemaker implantation is considered the state of the art, clinical and technical situations that may impede transvenous leads implantation have become increasingly common, making it necessary the proposal of new surgical approaches. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bipolar epicardial atrial pacing using an active fixation bipolar endocardial lead implanted on the atrial surface in an experimental model.

No abstract