Twenty-two percent of fractures treated with tension band wiring and early motion displaced > or = 2 mm within the early postoperative period. Technical errors or patient noncompliance were identified as factors. The incidence of early complications in operatively treated patella fractures is higher than previously reported.

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It is widely recognized that adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical to long-term treatment success, yet rates of adherence to antiretroviral medications are frequently subtherapeutic. Beliefs about antiretroviral therapy and psychosocial characteristics of HIV-positive persons naive to therapy may influence early experience with antiretroviral medication adherence and therefore could be important when designing programs to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy. As part of a multicenter AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG 384) study, 980 antiretroviral-naive subjects (82% male, 47% White, median age 36 years, and median CD4 cell count 278 cells/mm3) completed a self-administered questionnaire prior to random treatment assignment of initial antiretroviral medications. Measures of symptom distress, general health and well-being, and personal and situational factors including demographic characteristics, social support, self-efficacy, depression, stress, and current adherence to (nonantiretroviral) medications were recorded. Associations among variables were explored using correlation and regression analyses. Beliefs about the importance of antiretroviral adherence and ability to take antiretroviral medications as directed (adherence self-efficacy) were generally positive. Fifty-six percent of the participants were "extremely sure" of their ability to take all medications as directed and 48% were "extremely sure" that antiretroviral nonadherence would cause resistance, but only 37% were as sure that antiretroviral therapy would benefit their health. Less-positive beliefs about antiretroviral therapy adherence were associated with greater stress, depression, and symptom distress. More-positive beliefs about antiretroviral therapy adherence were associated with better scores on health perception, functional health, social-emotional-cognitive function, social support, role function, younger age, and higher education (r values = 0.09-0.24, all p < .001). Among the subset of 325 participants reporting current use of medications (nonantiretrovirals) during the prior month, depression was the strongest correlate of nonadherence ( r = 0.33, p < .001). The most common reasons for nonadherence to the medications were "simply forgot" (33%), "away from home" (27%), and "busy" (26%). In conclusion, in a large, multicenter survey, personal and situational factors, such as depression, stress, and lower education, were associated with less certainty about the potential for antiretroviral therapy effectiveness and one's perceived ability to adhere to therapy. Findings from these analyses suggest a role for baseline screening for adherence predictors and focused interventions to address modifiable factors placing persons at high risk for poor adherence prior to antiretroviral treatment initiation.

Satellite-based datasets of surface turbulent fluxes over the global oceans are being evaluated and improved.O cean surface fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum observed during field experiments show strong variability on temporal scales that range from the diurnal cycle to the life cycle of storms, and on spatial scales as small as that of an individual convective cloud. High-frequency variability (e.g., diurnal, storm scale) in tropical air-sea fluxes has been hypothesized to influence intraseasonal and interannual variability of the monsoon (e.g., Webster et al. 1998) and the Pacific Ocean warm pool and El Nino (e.g., Sui and Lau 1997;Fasullo and Webster 2000). At high latitudes, large variations in surface fluxes and sea surface temperature are seen in response to storms, which impact the temperature, density, and mixing in the upper ocean, further influencing the atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics. Storm-scale events have been hypothesized (e.g., Marshall et al. 1998;Nardelli and Salusti 2000) to be associated with ocean convection in the high-latitude water mass formation regions, contributing to deep water formation and the global ocean thermohaline circulation. Ocean mixing induced by tropical cyclones might play an important role in driving the global ocean thermohaline circulation and, thereby,