The present trial confirms the findings of Harris and colleagues that lignocaine reduces the pain of cannulation in the ED. Lignocaine reduced the pain of i.v. cannulation more effectively than entonox or ethyl chloride.
Extensive soil temperature measurements have been taken for more than two years in a field test designed to monitor the performance of thermal vertical support members used to support elevated sections of the trans-Alaska pipeline as it crosses marginal permafrost. Thermal aspects of the design are summarized and soil temperature data are presented which demonstrate the ability of the overall thermal vertical support member system to protect the surrounding permafrost.
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