Susceptibility to metabolism is a common issue with the tert-butyl group on compounds of medicinal interest. We demonstrate an approach of removing all the fully sp 3 C−Hs from a tert-butyl group: replacing some C−Hs with C−Fs and increasing the s-character of the remaining C−Hs. This approach gave a trifluoromethylcyclopropyl group, which increased metabolic stability. Trifluoromethylcyclopropyl-containing analogues had consistently higher metabolic stability in vitro and in vivo compared to their tert-butyl-containing counterparts.

Any bipartite nonlocal unitary operation can be carried out by teleporting a quantum state from one party to the other, performing the unitary gate locally, and teleporting a state back again. This paper investigates unitaries which can be carried out using less prior entanglement and classical communication than are needed for teleportation. Large families of such unitaries are constructed using (projective) representations of finite groups. Among the tools employed are: a diagrammatic approach for representing entangled states, a theorem on the necessary absence of information at certain times and locations, and a representation of bipartite unitaries based on a group Fourier transform.

In this appendix, we show that the GenTiles1 UPB in any even dimension m ≥ 4 can be distinguished using the types of protocols described in the main text. Specifically, we will prove the theorem stated there, Theorem 2 An m/2 ⊗ m/2 MES is sufficient to perfectly distinguish the GenTiles1 UPB on m ⊗ m, for any even m ≥ 4, using only LOCC (the GenTiles1 UPB exists only for even m ≥ 4).