Collegiate football linemen with elevated BMI have select risk factors, particularly blood pressure and LDL cholesterol that improved over sedentary peers. However, concerning risk factor profiles of linemen warrant standard age-appropriate and size-appropriate screening for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Body fat percent more strongly correlated with risk factors than with BMI and may be the stronger tool for estimating risk in this population.
Seattle Public Utilities is pioneering a new form of public-private partnership in North America in the development of two new large water treatment plants. The Tolt and Cedar Treatment Plants, which provide drinking water for 1.3 million people, are being implemented using a design-build-operate (DBO) approach. This process has resulted in savings of 40% for the Tolt and 30% for the Cedar, relative to the estimated cost of implementing the projects using a conventional design-bid-build procurement with City operations for 25 years. In using the DBO approach, owners seek to optimize efficiency and the potential for innovation by conducting a competition to supply a bundled set of services including permitting, design, construction,and long-term operations. Benefits from this approach arise through design-build synergies, design-operate synergies, and through more focused competition than exists in the segmented design-bid-build model typically used. This paper will focus not only on the DBO approach and its resulting benefits, but perhaps more importantly on the critical issue of risk allocation. Finally, a discussion of our experience with these two premier projects will highlight the importance of a thoughtful procurement process and adherence to partnering approach to contract management in assuring the integrity of risk management principles.
The process of implementing Seattle's Tolt design‐build‐operate project provides a road map for other utilities interested in alternative contracting approaches.
The city of Seattle, Wash., used an innovative public‐private partnership to develop its first water filtration plant. The new Tolt treatment facilities will increase system reliability and flexibility by allowing continuous operation of Seattle's Tolt source through periods of high turbidity. It will also improve system yield and allow long‐range compliance with anticipated regulations. As an alternative to the conventional public works procurement process, Seattle created a design‐build‐operate (DBO) model to provide reliable, cost‐effective project development while maintaining public ownership of the facility. The DBO contract is valued at $101 million, which represents a savings of $70 million over the $171‐million estimated cost of developing the same facility using conventional design‐bid‐build procurement with city operations for 25 years. The Tolt facility, expected to be operational in late 2000, will be a 120‐mgd (45 106‐m3/d) filtration and ozonation plant for treatment of Seattle's Tolt River source of supply, which provides about a third of the water for Seattle and its 26 regional wholesale customers.
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