Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is a severe complication of extremity fracture or other injury. Patients who develop this show marked hyperalgesia and allodynia, altered vasomotor, sudomotor and trophic changes. The condition affects women more than men and is most common in those between the ages of 50 and 70 years but can be seen in younger athletes. The diagnosis is made clinically, and treatment is directed at functional recovery using medications, occupational and physical therapy, and psychological interventions. Prognosis for complete recovery is variable and unpredictable.
Concussions, or mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), are on the forefront of sports medicine. There is a spectrum of symptoms associated with mTBI, some of which include blurriness, double vision, and light sensitivity. Further evaluation for nonconcussion-related causes is warranted if vision changes do not improve concurrently with other symptoms. Keeping in mind other less obvious injuries, including retinal detachment, is important when performing an initial evaluation or follow-up of an mTBI.
Athletes can sustain a large variety of injuries from simple soft tissue sprains to complex fractures and joint dislocations. This article reviews and provides the most recent information for sports medicine professionals on the management of simple and complex joint dislocations, i.e., irreducible and/or associated with a fracture, from the sidelines without the benefit of imaging. For each joint, the relevant anatomy, common mechanisms, sideline assessment, reduction techniques, initial treatment, and potential complications will be discussed, which allow for the safe and prompt return of athletes to the field of play.
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