In the Siberian hamster suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis of the pituitary, high affinity mt1 melatonin receptors are present. We have previously shown that night applied light pulse induced an increase in mt1 mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of this species, independently of the endogenous melatonin. Here, we report the photic regulation of melatonin receptor density and mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis of pinealectomized Siberian hamsters and the implication in this control of either the circadian clock or the intergeniculate leaflet. The results show that: (1) A 1-h light pulse, delivered during the night, induces a transitory increase in mt1 mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis. After 3 h this increase has totally disappeared (suprachiasmatic nuclei) or is greatly reduced (pars tuberalis). (2) The melatonin receptor density, in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, is not affected by 1 or 3 h of light, while it is strongly increased in the pars tuberalis. (3) In hamsters kept in constant darkness, the mt1 mRNA rise is gated to the subjective night in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis. In contrast, the light-induced increase in melatonin binding is also observed in the subjective day in the pars tuberalis. (4) intergeniculate leaflet lesion totally inhibits the mt1 mRNA expression rise in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, while it has no effect on the light-induced increase in mt1 mRNA in the pars tuberalis. However, the light-induced increase in melatonin receptor density is totally prevented by the intergeniculate leaflet lesion in the pars tuberalis. These results show that: (1) the photic regulations of mt1 mRNA expression and receptor density are independent of each other in both the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis; and (2) the circadian clock and the intergeniculate leaflet are implicated in the photic regulation of melatonin receptors but their level of action differs totally between the suprachiasmatic nuclei and pars tuberalis.
Introduction: Auditory prosthesis is distinguished in function of the lesser technologies that become them each time, more powerful and efficient. The marketing can generate unreal expectations how much to the results with the amplification use, mainly in inexperienced individuals. Objective: To verify the relation between expectations and success of the process of election and adaptation of auditory prosthesis in aged. Method: Clinical and experimental study, 16 aged, inexperienced individuals with the amplification use, the election and adaptation of auditory prosthesis had been evaluated 15 days before and after. Questionnaire for evaluation of the expectations of aged the adult individual was used "/, new user of auditory prosthesis", Hearing Handicap Inventory will be the Elderly/Screening Version, for evaluation of the perception of the restriction of participation and the International Questionnaire -Device of Amplification Sonora Individual (QI-AASI), to verify the subjective benefit with the use of the auditory prosthesis. The Percentile Index of Recognition of Sentences in Silence was determined (IPRSS), by means of the test Lists of Sentences in Portuguese to verify the objective benefit of the adaptation. The data had been analyzed by means of not-parametric test, with level of significance of 5%. Results: The entire sample presented positive expectations. Subjectively benefit for the reduction of the perception of the participation restriction and for the positive evaluation of the adaptation, evidenced for the QI-AASI was verified. Objective the improvement of the IPRSS with the use of auditory prosthesis also evidenced benefits.
Conclusion:The expectation how much to the results with the amplification use, it was factor of negative influence in the success of the process of election and adaptation of auditory prosthesis, in the subjective scope.
We evaluated the effectiveness of transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE) and the indications of late reoperations in 250 women with dysfunctional bleeding. The women were questioned about symptoms and levels of satisfaction 3, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after the procedure. Average follow-up was 24 months (range 4-48 mo). Repeat resection was performed in 8 women (3.2%) and hysterectomy in 13 (5.2%). Seven women (2.8%) had reoperation because of recurrent unacceptable vaginal bleeding. Late onset of pain occurred in 14 (5.6%). The success rate at 3 months as measured by patient satisfaction was 97% and at 4 to 45 months 91%. A definite subgroup of women developed late onset of pain with or without bleeding after endometrial resection. Results at 3 months did not necessarily correlate with longer-term outcomes. Provided that the surgeon has extensive training, few women will be dissatisfied with the procedure.
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