The essential oil of OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM, growing wild in Rwanda, was investigated by LSC, GLC, and GC-MS. The oil contained 35% thymol and 11% eugenol, which may indicate the occurrence of a new chemotype of the species. A large amount of hydrocarbons (42%) including 18% P-cymene was also found. The oil showed a relatively strong antimicrobial effect. The oil of O. GRATISSIMUM, cultivated in Rwanda from seeds collected in Cameroon, consisted of 47% thymol and only 0.3% eugenol. This sample contained 49% hydrocarbons, including 23% gamma-terpinene. Most of the constituents detected in the oil samples were not previously known to be present in the essential oil of O. GRATISSIMUM.
The essential oil from the herb PLATOSTOMA AFRICANUM was analysed by means of GLC, LSC and GC-MS. So far a large number of its components were identified, among which were 16 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (43%), seven phenylpropane derivatives (16%), seven oxygen-containing, straight-chain aliphatic compounds (11%), and six oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (5%). Monoterpenes were present in small amounts only. An estimated 10% of the total oil was made up of diterpenes. The main component of the oil was germacrene-D (19%). An unusual component was found to be the chromene derivative precocene I (11%), which is an insect anti-juvenile hormone. This is, as far as we know, the first detection of a chromene in the family Lamiaceae. The composition of the oil of P. AFRICANUM has not been reported previously. The method of isolation affected the yield, composition, and odour of the oil.
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