An evaluation of thirty two accessions of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss] was carried out during 2014-2015 in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications in Laboratory revealed highly significant differences among the accessions for all seed vigour traits. Observations were recorded on ten seed vigour traits viz.,1000-seed weight (g), field emergence (%), speed of germination (at field), germination, speed of germination, root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (mg) and vigour index. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the seed vigour traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) ware close to genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for more of the traits which indicate that environmental effect has no considerable effect on the total phenotypic variation. Heritability and genetic advance indicated that the nature action and reliability or those characters for selection and emerged as ideal traits for improvement through selection.
Rice provides major source of calories in the global population. In any crop breeding programme, presence of genetic variability is essential for broadening the gene pool. For selecting a genotype having high desirable traits, high magnitude of variability should be present in the population. The heritability estimates along with amount of genetic variability give us an idea about genetic gain due to selection. Different direct traits (number of panicle/plant, filled grains/plant and test weight) and indirect traits (tiller number/plant, plant height) determine the yield component of rice. Present review draw a clear picture of how variability influences the selection process and also how yield is associated with different direct and indirect traits. Genotypes shows high variability and desirable characters can be used in further breeding programme. A glimpse of molecular advances in rice breeding also has been incorporated in the present review.
Dry (moisture 13%) and the uniform seed of two varieties (Kharchiya-65 and KRL-210) of wheat were hydro-primed for 8, 16, and 24 hrs and subjected for examining the seed quality parameters namely germination percentage, root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, speed of germination, seedling vigour index, and conducted in Factorial Complete Randomize Design (FCRD) with three replications during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. The maximum germination% (86.50%), root length (17.99 cm), shoot length (18.36 cm ), seedling length (35.23 cm), seedling dry weight (0.15 g), speed of germination (15.12) were obtained with 16 hrs hydropriming and seedling vigour index (2371) with 8 hrs in case Kharchiya-65 whereas the maximum germination (86.33), root length (13.89 cm), shoot length (13.9 cm), seedling length (28.50 cm), seedling dry weight (0.15 g), seedling vigour index (3045) was obtained with same 16 hrs and speed of germination (13.88) with 24 hrs showed the highest result in case KRL-210. The influence of hydropriming was more pronounced in KRL-210 as compared to Kharchiya-65. Thus, the seed quality parameters will be enhanced significantly by 16 hrs hydropriming in wheat.
Effective selection necessitates knowledge of the nature and extent of population variation, character correlation with yield among individuals, and effect of environment on the assertion of these traits. Under timely seeded and irrigated conditions in sodic soil, this study used Augmented Block Design (ABD) to investigate correlations and path coefficients between yield and yield components in 85 germplasms, including four checks (Pusa sungandha-4, NDR-2065, sarjoo-52, Narendra usar-3). The correlation coefficient expresses the relationship between two variables, but it contains no information regarding cause and effect, such as which variable is dependent and which is independent. As a result, path-coefficient analysis must be utilized to examine the direct and indirect impact of numerous independent characters on a dependent character. The GYPP exhibited highly significant and positive correlations with BYPP and HI. When the genotypic correlation was assigned, it was discovered that characters like BYPP and HI had a positive direct impact on GYPP whereas characters DFF and DM were exhibited negative direct impact on GYPP. The most important indirect yield component was BYPP. As a result, these traits should be emphasized and further evaluated as a selection criterion for future rice improvement programmes in sodic soil.
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