A prospective study was performed to determine the relative availability of buspirone and amitriptyline after oral and transdermal routes of administration in 6 adult cats. For topical administration, drugs were compounded in a transdermal organogel containing pluronic and lecithin (PLO). Using a crossover design, each cat received a single dose of amitriptyline (5 mg) and buspirone (2.5 mg) by the transdermal and oral route of administration with at least a 2-week washout interval between drug treatments. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after drug administration for determination of plasma drug concentrations. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive amitriptyline and buspirone were determined using commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Systemic absorption of amitriptyline and buspirone administered by the transdermal route was poor compared with the oral route of administration. Until supporting pharmacokinetic data are available, veterinarians and cat owners should not rely on the transdermal route of administration for treating cats with amitriptyline or buspirone.Key Words: Cat; Pharmacokinetics. Behavior problems are among the most common reasons pet owners surrender otherwise healthy pets, 1 and urine spraying is one of the most common feline behavioral disorders. Urine spraying is reported to be a sporadic problem in up to 30% of all cats and a habitual problem in 12% of male cats and 5% of female cats.2 Pharmacological therapy for urine spraying in cats is often effective, with 55-75% of cats showing marked reduction or complete cessation of the undesired behavior.2 Buspirone, a nonspecific anxiolytic, which may act as a partial serotonin agonist, 3 and amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, 4 have been recommended for treatment of behavior problems, including urine spraying, in cats. 5-9Chronic administration of any medication to cats can be problematic for several reasons. Relatively few drugs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in cats, and drug formulations appropriate for use in cats (ie, small tablet or capsule size and strength, palatable liquid formulations) are limited. Cats may resist oral drug administration, and even the most docile of cats may resort to the use of claws and teeth to avoid being pilled on a daily basis. Liquid medications also are difficult to administer because the presence of an unpleasant-tasting substance in a cat's mouth often induces profuse salivation. In response, veterinary compounding pharmacies recently have advertised transdermal gels as an alternative route of drug administration for cats. Transdermal formulations of both buspirone and amitriptyline are routinely advertised by veterinary compounding pharmacies. However, transdermal absorption of buspirone and amitriptyline has not been evaluated in cats. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the systemic absorption of transdermally administered buspirone and amitriptyline is similar to systemic absorp...
A prospective study was performed to determine the relative availability of buspirone and amitriptyline after oral and transdermal routes of administration in 6 adult cats. For topical administration, drugs were compounded in a transdermal organogel containing pluronic and lecithin (PLO). Using a crossover design, each cat received a single dose of amitriptyline (5 mg) and buspirone (2.5 mg) by the transdermal and oral route of administration with at least a 2-week washout interval between drug treatments. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after drug administration for determination of plasma drug concentrations. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive amitriptyline and buspirone were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Systemic absorption of amitriptyline and buspirone administered by the transdermal route was poor compared with the oral route of administration. Until supporting pharmacokinetic data are available, veterinarians and cat owners should not rely on the transdermal route of administration for treating cats with amitriptyline or buspirone. B ehavior problems are among the most common reasons pet owners surrender otherwise healthy pets, 1 and urine spraying is one of the most common feline behavioral disorders. Urine spraying is reported to be a sporadic problem in up to 30% of all cats and a habitual problem in 12% of male cats and 5% of female cats. 2 Pharmacological therapy for urine spraying in cats is often effective, with 55-75% of cats showing marked reduction or complete cessation of the undesired behavior. 2 Buspirone, a nonspecific anxiolytic, which may act as a partial serotonin agonist, 3 and amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, 4 have been recommended for treatment of behavior problems, including urine spraying, in cats. 5-9 Chronic administration of any medication to cats can be problematic for several reasons. Relatively few drugs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in cats, and drug formulations appropriate for use in cats (ie, small tablet or capsule size and strength, palatable liquid formulations) are limited. Cats may resist oral drug administration, and even the most docile of cats may resort to the use of claws and teeth to avoid being pilled on a daily basis. Liquid medications also are difficult to administer because the presence of an unpleasant-tasting substance in a cat's mouth often induces profuse salivation. In response, veterinary compounding pharmacies recently have advertised transdermal gels as an alternative route of drug administration for cats. Transdermal formulations of both buspirone and amitriptyline are routinely advertised by veterinary compounding pharmacies. However, transdermal Six adult female cats, ranging in body weight from 3.5 to 3.9 kg and estimated to be approximately 1-4 years of age, were used for the study. Cats were determined to be healthy based on normal physical examination and normal results of a CBC and serum biochemistry. Cats ...
Present work describes the potent antidiabetic fraction from flowers of Cassia auriculata Linn. Hydromethanolic extract along with its ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were evaluated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. The n-butanol fraction exhibited significant reduction (p<0.001) in blood glucose levels and was also found effective in restoring the blood lipids and proteins to normal level. The activity was found comparable with standard drug phenformin. The hydromethanolic extract and its fractions were subjected to preliminary qualitative chemical investigations which indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids and amino acids.
The antioxidant activities of aqueous, ethanol, and Pet. ether extracts of the leaves of cassia sophera Linn, were determined by the thiocyanate method using the linoleic acid emulsion. Ether extract was the most effective antioxidant among the extracts. Like antioxidant activity, the scavenging power of ether extract was the highest and aqueous extract was the lowest. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the leaves of cassia sophera are a potential source of natural antioxidants. In addition, we could suggest that although the scavenging activity of an extract may be an indicator of its potential antioxidant activity, it is important to evaluate this plant in detail with other methods. Phytochemical isolation of the ether extract for active antioxidant moiety will be the further scope for the study.
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