Water scarcity is still a pressing issue in many regions. The application of membrane technology through water desalination to convert brackish to potable water is a promising technology to solve this issue. This study compared the performance of templated TEOS-P123 and ES40-P123 hybrid membranes for brackish water desalination. The membranes were prepared by the sol–gel method by employing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for the carbon-templated silica (soft template) and ethyl silicate (ES40) for the hybrid organo-silica. Both sols were templated by adding 35 wt.% of pluronic triblock copolymer (P123) as the carbon source. The silica-templated sols were dip-coated onto alumina support (four layers) and were calcined by using the RTP (rapid thermal processing) method. The prepared membranes were tested using pervaporation set up at room temperature (~25 °C) using brackish water (0.3 and 1 wt.%) as the feed. It was found that the hybrid membrane exhibited the highest specific surface area (6.72 m2·g−1), pore size (3.67 nm), and pore volume (0.45 cm3·g−1). The hybrid ES40-P123 was twice thicker (2 μm) than TEOS-P123-templated membranes (1 μm). Lastly, the hybrid ES40-P123 displayed highest water flux of 6.2 kg·m−2·h−1. Both membranes showed excellent robustness and salt rejections of >99%.

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Abstrak. Industri pelapisan logam disamping memiliki konstribusi bagi perekonomian Indonesia, namun dalam prosesnya menghasilkan limbah cair yang memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan karena mengandung logam berat. Salah satu teknik pengolahan limbah cair yaitu adsorpsi menggunakan asam humat dari ekstraksi sampah organik yang dijadikan adsorben. Kelebihan proses adsorpsi ini ialah pengerjaannya mudah, biaya relatif murah, relatif aman dari kontaminasi zat-zat kimia, serta tidak memberikan polusi berarti bagi lingkungan. Ekstraksi asam humat dari sampah organik berlangsung secara bertahap menggunakan proses ekstraksi dengan 1 L NaOH dengan variasi pelarut 0,1 N dan 0,5 N. Karakterisasi sebelum dan sesudah ekstraksi menggunakan Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), masing-masing untuk mengetahui gugus fungsional, struktur kristal, serta struktur morfologi pada asam humat. Proses adsorpsi menggunakan asam humat sebagai adsorben dilakukan secara batch dengan massa adsorben 1 g/L, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm, temperatur ruang dan pH 6,7–7,0 selama 1 jam. Analisa setelah adsorpsi menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer (AAS) untuk uji kadar timbal (Pb (II)). Hasil adsorpsi timbal (Pb) pada kedua variasi pelarut adsorben dengan pH awal 6,7–7,0 memiliki keefektifan masing-masing mencapai hampir 98%. Kata kunci:adsorben, asam humat, ekstraksi, sampah organik. Abstract. Removal of Lead (II) of Synthetic Wastewater Using Humic Acid Extracted from Organic Waste As Adsorbent.Metal plating Industry mining productions contribute to the growth of the Indonesian economy, but during the processes usually create a negative environmental impact such as heavy metals. The adsorption method is one of various methods for wastewater treatment. The humic acid as adsorbent in the adsorption method had been extracted from organic waste. The advantages of this method are simple, cheap and secure from chemical contaminant. The extraction of humic acid from organic waste takes place gradually using 1 L NaOH with a variety of solvents of 0.1 N and 0.5 N.The humic acid before and after treatment was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).  The adsorption process was carried out in batch experiment with mass adsorbent of 1 g/L,  stirring speed of 150 rpm, room temperatur, pH around 6.7–7.0  for 1 hour. The result showed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis characterize that adsorption lead (II) in several adsorbent concentrations at pH 6.7–7.07 has effectiveness 98%. Keywords: adsorbents, extraction, humic acid, organic waste.