Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fischer) is native to Iran but was introduced to Europe as an invasive plant. It has medicinal and edible values. Its fruits have been used to relieve flatulence, stomach aches as well as a flavoring as a digestive and an antiseptic. This medicinal plant forms many geographical populations in the country, particularly in mountainous regions; however, we have no data on the genetic structure and genetic diversity of this plant species. Such information can be used in gene pool identification and future genetic conservation and breeding programs. Therefore, the present study was performed with the following aims: 1- Provide data on genetic diversity of geographical populations, 2- Identify the potential gene pools for future genetic conservation and breeding programs. We used both Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and the Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) molecular markers as these are suitable molecular markers for genetic diversity investigations. There are highly polymorphic, reproducible, and relatively low cost markers. The present study revealed that both ISSR and SCoT markers produce data on the genetic variability and genetic affinity of the local populations. Both molecular markers revealed a good level of genetic variability within and among Heracleum persicum populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) produced a significant differences between geographical populations for both markers. We could identify few ISSR as well as SCoT bands which can differentiate the studied populations. The moderate to a good level of genetic diversity we observed within each H. persicum may be due to cross pollination. In conclusion, we suggest using combination of ISSR and SCoT molecular markers to study population genetic variability in H. persicum geographical populations for future genetic conservation and germplasm collection of this medicinal plant.
Introduction: Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth common cancer worldwide. An important feature of HNSCC is its poor prognosis. Factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption, HPV infection and genetic factors play a role in HNSCC pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PIC3KA and CRNDE gene expression levels and HPV involvement with risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the expression of PIC3KA and CRNDE genes in the tumor tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues of 50 HNSCC patients were evaluated by Real-Time PCR. Also, HPV infection was evaluated by Reverse Line Blot method. Finally, the association of these two parameters with the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients was statistically evaluated. Ethical Considerations: This study was registered with the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences under code IR.TUMS.DENTISTRY.REC.1397.021. Results: The results of the present study showed that the expression of CRNDE (P = 0.0005) and PIK3CA (P = 0.0322) genes in tumor tissue had a significant increase compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Increased PIK3CA expression was significantly associated with smoking, location, stage, size, and grade of the tumor, whereas increased CRNDE expression was associated with alcohol consumption and lymph node involvement. It was also found that HPV infection was associated with larger tumor size and more advanced stage (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Considering the association of PIK3CA expression with parameters such as stage, size and grade of the tumor, it can be concluded that the expression of these two genes is involved in the progression of HNSCC disease. In addition, according to the present results, HPV infection is also associated with disease progression.
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