A BSTRACT Objective: The objective of this article was to understand and decode the mystery of the formation of para-chloroaniline (PCA). The ingredient of the brown precipitate after mixing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is still in debate. Materials and Methods: Various studies adopt a different methodology to substantiate that it may contain PCA, which is a carcinogenic agent. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between PCA and brown precipitate. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies were manually searched. There was no disagreement between the two reviewers. This review was reported and conducted in step with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Of 233 articles, only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Available scientific evidence was more supportive that the brown precipitate form after mixing NaOCl and CHX may form para-chloroamide moiety rather than free PCA, and PCA may be the by-product of CHX degradation. Conclusion: On the basis of the current evidence and data extracted from the various databases, it can be concluded that the mixture of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine does not form PCA, and PCA may be the by-product of high concentrated chlorhexidine. Further studies are required to substantiate the evidence.
A bstract Aim and objective The aim and objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of four various approaches of sterilizing endodontic hand files via Autoclave, Glass-bead sterilizer, Glutaraldehyde solution, and Diode laser. Materials and methods Fifty-two k-files of size #25 and length 21 mm were taken for the study. All the 52 files were presterilized in an endodontic instrument box via autoclave. Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspension was prepared and all the presterilized files were contaminated with stearothermophilus spore suspension in a sterile Petri dish under vacuum hood safety. Later, the test files were randomly divided into four groups of 13 each and subjected to four different methods of sterilization- Autoclave, Glass-bead sterilizer, Glutaraldehyde solution, and Diode laser. Files were then be placed in thioglycollate media containing test tubes and incubated in an incubator at 55°C and checked for turbidity at 3 days and 21 days. Result The result revealed that there was no Turbidity present in test tubes on both the 3rd and 21st day for autoclave. In all the remaining sterilization procedures there was some amount of turbidity present. In terms of sterilization provided autoclave provides complete sterilization and glutaraldehyde solution is the least effective. The specificity of Bacillus stearothermophilus was then confirmed with a sugar test viz., starch hydrolysis test which gave a positive result confirming the presence of Bacillus stearothermophilus . Conclusion We can conclude that autoclave is the perfect process of sterilization providing 100% sterility and although Glass-bead didn't provide 100% sterility, it can be used as an alternative if autoclave is not available. How to cite this article Ameer B, Khatib MS, Peerzade SM, et al. Comparing Sterilization of Endodontic Hand Files by Four Different Methods: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):149-152.
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