Mul ple sclerosis is a nervous system disease that aff ects brain and spinal cord. It damages the myelin sheath, the material that surrounds and protects the nerve cells. Its symptoms are varied and unpredictable. It commonly aff ects the op c nerve and ocular movements. Up to 50% of pa ents with mul ple sclerosis will develop an episode of op c neuri s, and 20-30% of the me op c neuri s is the presen ng sign of mul ple sclerosis. Op c neuri s is diagnosed clinically and followed up using visual acuity, colour vision, contrast sensi vity, visual fi elds, magne c resonance imaging and op cal coherence tomography. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, abnormali es resul ng from cerebellar damage or to its connec ons and pendular nystagmus are other common ophthalmic manifesta ons of the disease. Mul ple sclerosis is diagnosed using McDonald criterion, based on the occurrence of at least two clinical episodes of neurological involvement separated in me and space. The magne c resonance imaging aids the diagnosis and requires the presence of lesions in at least 2 of the four loca ons-periventricular, juxtacor cal, infratentorial and spinal cord. The treatment of mul ple sclerosis is mul disciplinary, invoving the trea ng physician, physiotherapists, occupa onal therapists, nurses and social workers. There are no drugs to cure mul ple sclerosis, but several therapies are available that can ameliorate the symptoms of mul ple sclerosis and, in some cases, slow the disease progression.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.