Objective: To investigate patients' experiences with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD). Methods: This was a survey focused on patient's comprehensive experience with FFRD, both initially and after several months of wear, including the patient's overall impression of the appliance. The survey was administered to 70 patients wearing FFRD in both university and private practice settings. Results: A high percentage (81.5%) reported a neutral to favorable experience with FFRD; 89.8% reported growing accustomed to the appliance within 4 weeks. The majority of those who had previously worn rubber bands found FFRD to be ''easier.'' Cheek irritation was the most serious side effect (about 50%). Cheek irritation and other negative effects generally decreased over time. Conclusions: The FFRD is relatively well accepted by patients. Most patients experience some discomfort and functional limitations; however, the effect generally diminishes with time, and patients adapt to the appliance. Practitioners should be especially vigilant about problems with cheek irritation. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:437-446.)

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Objectives To investigate the association between unilateral/bilateral maxillary canine impaction and sella-turcica bridging using CBCT imaging. Methods This retrospective comparative study analyzed 76 CBCT images of the craniofacial complex including sella-turcica. The impacted cuspid group consisted of thirty-eight subjects (7 males, 31 females; mean age, 14.6 ± 3.2 years) diagnosed with unilateral (left n = 14, right n = 11) or bilateral (n = 13) palatal canine impaction. The control group included thirty-eight subjects matched by sex (7 males, 31 females; mean age, 19.5 ± 3.6 years) with no impaction. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between unilateral/bilateral canine impaction and right and left sella-turcica bridging. Results The prevalence of sella-turcica bridging was 59.3% and 50% in the impacted canine and control groups, respectively. Although the odds for unilateral canine impaction were increased in the right and left sella-turcica bridging groups compared to the controls, the difference was not statistically significant. The risk of bilateral impaction was different between the two sides of sella-turcica bridging, but, again, the findings were not statistically significant. Conclusion Contrary to previous 2D studies, there is no statistically significant association between unilateral/bilateral palatal canine impaction and sella-turcica bridging when using 3D CBCT.

Objective: To evaluate the compliance of patients while wearing maxillary Hawley retainers embedded with SMART microsensors. Methods: The sample population consisted of 22 patients who were divided into an experimental (group A) and a control group (group B). Group A was informed that they would be monitored through the use of SMART microsensors, while group B was not informed that they would be monitored. After the delivery of the retainers (T0), the patients were evaluated at T1 and T2, represented by 6-and 12-week follow-up visits, respectively. At T1, group B was informed of our ability to monitor their compliance. Both groups continued wearing their retainers during T1 to T2. Results: During T0-T1, Group A wore their retainers for an average of 16.3 hours (SD 4.39), while group B wore their appliances for an average of 10.6 hours (SD 5.36, t 5 2.426, P 5 .027). Although group B increased their retainer wear by 0.5 hours/day from T1 to T2, this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Despite significant differences being noted between the two groups at T1, group B did not show significant mean changes in their wear time before and after becoming aware of the use of the SMART microsensor. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:263-269.)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of permanent tooth anomalies in patients attending the graduate orthodontic clinic at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Materials and methods:Charts of 496 subjects (310 females and 186 males) met the inclusion criteria for this study. The mean ages were 16 years and 3 months for the combined gender sample that received orthodontic treatment in the graduate orthodontic clinic between 2007 and 2010. Full pretreatment records (intraoral photographs, digital study models, lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs) were used for the assessment. Charts were examined for these anomalies: agenesis, supernumerary, impaction and delayed tooth eruption. Subjects were categorized by gender and ethnicity. The percentages of the anomalies were assessed according to type of malocclusion, gender, race, location, tooth class and region in the dental arches.Results: Sixty-four subjects (12.9%) had at least one occurrence of delayed eruption and impaction (DEI), followed by 47 subjects (9.5%) who had at least one occurrence of agenesis, and seven (1.4%) had a supernumerary condition. Approximately 80% of the subjects had no dental anomalies. The presence of more than one anomaly was observed in 61 subjects. Twelve subjects (2.4%) had both agenesis and DEI. Agenesis tended to be more common in class II malocclusions (p = 0.012). Conclusion:The prevalence of permanent tooth anomalies was (20.4%). The percentage occurrence of DEI was the highest (12.9%) followed by dental agenesis (9.5%) and supernumerary teeth (1.4%) in the orthodontic patients at the State University of New York at Buffalo.

Background The objectives of this study were to explore traditional resin removal procedures in the debonding process and evaluate the Er:YAG laser as a plausible option. Methods Sixty premolar teeth were bonded with brackets. Then, brackets were removed and five adhesive clean-up methods were tested against control teeth: (a) Er:YAG laser at 200 mJ and 20 Hz; (b) Er:YAG laser at 305 mJ and 10 Hz; (c) 20-fluted flame-shaped tungsten carbide bur at high-speed; (d) #8-fluted round tungsten carbide bur at low-speed; and (e) #5 round end tapered fine diamond bur at high speed. Quantitative measurements including average (Avg) profile height, total indicator run-out (TIR), arithmetic average roughness (R a ), and time were made using profilometry. Qualitative evaluation of tooth surfaces was done using SEM. Results The two laser settings produced a statistically higher TIR, R a , and time compared to the controls (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the three bur techniques in regards to surface texture or time. Qualitatively, the 20-fluted carbide bur left the smoothest surface. Conclusion The Er:YAG laser at the tested settings would not be appropriate for adhesive removal. The interaction of the Er:YAG wavelength under these conditions was not comparable to the 20-fluted flame-shaped tungsten carbide bur at high speed for orthodontic adhesive removal leaving a smoother enamel surface.

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