Imidacloprid may induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of broccoli water extract and ferulic acid on imidacloprid induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in male albino rats. Rats were co-treated with broccoli water extract (200 mg/kg) or ferulic acid (20 mg/kg) with imidacloprid (80 mg/kg) orally for 28 days.The results revealed that imidacloprid induced high serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). However, administration of broccoli and ferulic acid reduced these parameters. Broccoli and ferulic acid significantly (P<0.05) attenuated the imidacloprid-induced increases in lipid peroxidation (LPO), tumor necroses factor α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) contents and meyloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. Imidacloprid decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) while co-treatment with broccoli and ferulic acid significantly (P<0.05) improved the level of GSH. DNA damage as assessed by comet assay was increased in imidacloprid-treated group. However, DNA damage was decreased in M ahgoub M . A hm ed1 and Saw san A . N asr ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 2 broccoli and ferulic acid treated groups. The possible mechanism of broccoli and ferulic acid extract on imidacloprid might be due to decreasing oxidative stress (LPO, NO and DNA damage) and increasing GSH content. Thus, broccoli and ferulic acid was suggested to protected rat's liver against imidacloprid-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in liver. : Unifying mechanism for eye toxicity, Electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant benefits, cell Signaling and cell Membranes. Cell Membrane Free Radical Research 2: 56-69. Lowry O.H., Roseborough N.J., Farr A.L., and Randall R.L. (1951): Protein measurement with phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 193 (1): 265-275. Marks P.A. (1961): Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. Methods Med. Res. 9: 24-35. Moreno D.A., Carvaja M., López-Berenguer C. and García-Viguera N. (2006): Chemical and biological characterisation of nutraceutical compounds of broccoli. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 41: 1508-1522. Olsen R.L. and Little C. (1983): Purification and some properties of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase from human blood. Biochem. J. 209 (3): 781-787. Ou S. and Kwok K. C. (2004): Ferulic acid: pharmaceutical functions, preparation and applications in foods. J Sci. Food and Agric. 84 (11): 1261-1269. Podsedek A. (2007): Natural antioxidants and antioxidant capacity of Brassica vegetables: a review. LWT 40: 1-11. Rukkumani R., Aruna K., Suresh Varma P., Padmanabhan L. and Me...
Background Promoting cancer cells apoptosis is one of the effective methods to treat cancer. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cell lines were used in the present study to evaluate the cytotoxic and anticancer properties of Nepeta septemcrenata Polysaccharide (NSP). Result Treatment of the two examined cells with NSP displayed a significant cytotoxicity towards HepG2 in a dose-dependent manner; meanwhile, its effect on HCT-116 was obtained under the influence of low doses. The quantitative real- time PCR (QRT-PCR) investigation revealed that NSP significantly up-regulated the expression levels of p53, p16, Fas, Fas-L, Bax, caspases-3, caspase-9, and TNF-α in association with down-regulation of cyclin D1, TERT, and BCL2. These findings declare the apoptotic characteristic of NSP.NSP, can also inhibit the development of cancer cells through the down-regulation of TGF-β and VEGF. Conclusions Our results suggested that the polysaccharides isolated from N. septemcrenata possess anticancer properties that could be explored for the development of novel anticancer agents.
The present study is performed to investigate the effect of two different glucosamine containing drugs: Drug 1 and Drug 2 (D1 and D2) against CCl 4 induced brain damage in male albino rats. Liverin (AM) was employed in the current study as an antioxidant reference drug. CCl 4 administration caused a significant elevation in the levels of MDA and NO of brain tissue, in association with a significant decrease in the antioxidant defense system (GSH, SOD and GPX) that indicated the induction of oxidative stress in brain tissue. CCl 4 administration induced brain injury as manifested by the obtained changes in neurotransmitter parameter (norepinephrine (NE), Dopamine (DA), Serotonin (5-HT), and Acetylcholinesterase AChE). The tested nutraceuticals and the antioxidant drug displayed a significant improvement against the undue effect of CCl 4 via decreasing the brain tissue content of MDA, NO with the elevation of GSH content. Also, the significant increase in SOD and GPX enzymatic activity was obtained when compared to CCL 4 group. In addition AM, D1, and D2 have an ameliorative effect on neurotransmitter parameter NE, DA, 5HT, and AChE. Results of this study suggest that both antioxidant drugs and tested nutraceuticals palliate the brain injuries through anti-oxidative effect, with the elimination of the deleterious effect of toxic metabolites of CCl 4 on brain tissue.
BACKGROUND: The interaction of carbamazepine (CBZ) and acetaminophen (APAP) could result in hepatic failure and mortality. This study was conducted to analyzed the potential of rosemary ethanol extract (REE) or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to alleviate the interactions between CBZ and APAP.METHODS: Fourty-eight adult male rats were treated differently based on the assigned groups. Oxidative stress parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the expression levels of CYP3A4, CYP2E1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1B in the liver were estimated. In addition, the histopathology of liver was examined and the plasma clearance rate of CBZ and APAP was estimated.RESULTS: Combination of CBZ and APAP significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and hepatic MDA, and reduced the activities of GPx, GST, and GSH level in liver. The gene expression of CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 was upregulated by CBZ and CoQ10, respectively. The expression of IL-6 has decreased in the groups treated with CBZ alone or in combination with APAP. TNF-α expression was significantly downregulated in the groups treated with CBZ, APAP, REE, CoQ10, or combination CBZ and APAP. The liver from CBZ and APAP combination group showed centrolobular degeneration and necrosis. REE and CoQ10 were able to alleviate most of these detrimental effects. The combined administration of CBZ and APAP extended the plasma clearance time of APAP and CBZ from 6 to 24 and from 9 to 24 hours, respectively.CONCLUSION: REE and CoQ10 alleviated the detrimental effects of the combination of CBZ and APAP through enhancing the cellular antioxidant milieu, induction of metabolizing enzymes, reduction of the plasma half-life of APAP and CBZ preventing their accumulation and potential interaction.KEYWORDS: acetaminophen, antioxidants, carbamazepine, CoQ10, CYP3A4, CYP2E1, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, rosemary
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