The goal of this research is to introduce the design and simulation of a novel 2×2 SOI integrated photonic phased array switch. Under-etched NEMS-operated slot waveguides are used as the active phase shifters offering the benefits of compact size and low power consumption. The design of the NEMS-operated phase shifter has been validated by numerical analysis and simulation. The finite difference mode three-dimensional full-vectorial solver of FIMMPROP is used for the simulation. The designed NEMS-operated phase shift element is only 349 µm in length, exhibits an excess loss of about 1.1 dB and provides a phase shift of 180º. Straight transition slot waveguide couplers with high efficiency of about 96.7% have been designed to couple the NEMS-operated phase shifters to standard unslotted waveguides. The 2×2 MMI (multimode interference) couplers used in the switch element feature a compact size of 4 µm × 61.2 µm, have a small excess loss of about 0.155 dB and minimal imbalance of about -0.004 dB. The NEMS-operated phase shifters are located on the sides of the switch with their outermost electrode bond pads. Optical interferogram response is utilized for the testing of the designed phase shifters.
We present the design of novel 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 photonic phased array switch elements with the capability to actively tune wavelength division multiplexing pass-bands. The switch elements use nano-electromechanical systems phase shifters located on the two longitudinal sides of the structures; offering advantages of compact footprint and low-power consumption. The design is verified using the complex finite difference mode three-dimensional full-vectorial solver of the simulation tool FIMMPROP and utilizing custom numerical analysis.
A serious issue for WDM systems is the presence of resonant four wave mixing (FWM) terms, as a result of interactions between different channels. FWM presents a major source of non-linear cross talk. In multichannel systems, third order distortion mechanisms generate third order cross harmonics and a gamut of cross products. These cross products cause the most problems since they often fall near or on top of the desired signals .So the best solution is to avoid the FWM generation from early design stages. This paper describes the sources of FWM in WDM systems. In order to test the FWM generation with different frequency ranges, and different bit rates, different layout has been designed and strategies for getting around this limitation have been proposed. The experiments have been tested both on low and high bit rates, using optical signals with different frequency ranges. Proposed are solutions to avoid FWM for both low rate and high rate optical communication systems
Abstract-We present the design of a novel 4×4 photonic phased array switch element with the capability to actively tune WDM pass-bands. The switch element uses four NEMS-operated phase shifters located on the two longitudinal sides of the structure; offering advantages of compact footprint and lowpower consumption. All components of the switch element are designed to state of the art parameters. The design is verified using the finite difference mode three-dimensional full-vectorial solver of the simulation tool FIMMPROP and utilizing custom numerical analysis.
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