The number of people suffering from HIV/AIDS increases from year to year in Padang City. The two main causes are free sex and drug use. One of the most frequent subpopulations of free sex and drug use is a day-pay worker in Teluk Bayur Seaport. They have their own lingual behaviors, patterns, and symbols for the sexual transaction and drug use. These are the aspects discussed in this paper. A qualitative study with a trans-sectional non-experimental design was applied. Data were collected through interviews, existing documents, and social networks. A thematic content analysis is used to analyze. The results proved the opportunity to commit free sex and drug use in Teluk Bayur Seaport is in the waiting period of the ship arrival. The most frequently used locations are on boats, on trucks, and wild lodges around the seaport. Types of drugs with the use of hypodermic needles are thought of to be potentially high in HIV infection. Research has also proven that day-pay workers at Teluk Bayur Seaport use lingual symbols and numeric symbols in sexual transactions and drug use.
67 IntroductionPalm oil conflicts in Indonesia are not just related to economic activity, social resistance, cultural values, and violence, but also related to language practices and complex social problem. Multidimensional conflicts of palm oil plantation in Indonesia among companies, government, NGO's and society have become one of the serious conflicts which are not thoroughly solved as of today. This problem is very complex since it involves multilayered aspects like the role of language in conflicts, socio-political dimension, socio-cultural basis, socio-psychological, cognitive framework on conflicts, and the regulations of the plantation from the government. This paper just focuses on some linguistic aspects such as anti-language, the war on discourse, agrolinguistic and other related aspects such as farmer's museum, palm oil regulation, culture, and suggested policies to the Indonesian government.Anti-language is a kind of discourse war in conflicts which represents the nature of the problem itself. Therefore, studying anti-language and its structures may contribute to the study of the social problem in order to solve it. All anti-language is part of the language in the form discourse, so it has narrative and linguistic structure. The linguistic practices also have patterns, objective, and formula.Some questions are how to use anti-languages found in the field of palm conflicts as one of material analysis on the real problem? How to analyze the palm oil conflicts in Indonesia based on discourse analysis? How to develop discourse analysis to achieve that goal? Is there any possible methodology of discourse analysis can be developed to respond to these questions? Since the purpose of analyzing the problem is to solve it, I argue the method of discourse analysis should not only be descriptive and critical, but it is important to raise the bar of discourse methodology to the very heart of the problem based on discourse evidence.The problem of this model is the structures of the problems are not the same. Different social problems will have different structures and different discourse as well. Social conflicts also have their own linguistic structures that lie in the discourse since conflicts always have language use among the actors. Therefore, the method of analyzing discourse in the field of conflicts should always be related to actors' behavior and the structures of actions. There is no single methodology of discourse analysis can solve any social problem, but it can contribute to deeper understanding of the problem itself. Solving a social problem is a complex process. That's one of the reasons why an interdisciplinary study of e135 paradigm is also applied to support analysis.The structures of conflicts in discourse are perhaps rare aspect to discuss in discourse analysis. Since the language in practices can represent or projects the reality, this structure is possible to occur in discourse. So the key element is the linguistic structures of discourse that represent the nature of conflicts. This method ...
The usage of hedges in trial discourse context is interested to be explored. This paper presents a description of phenomena related to the use of hedges by witnesses and experts in Indonesian court trial. It focuses on the usage of hedges in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and utterances in court trial context. Conversation among participants in court was taken as a corpus of this study. From the corpus, the data were collected in the form of transcription. Three-levels of hedges that classified by Lakoff (1973), Prince, et al. (1982), and Fraser (2010) were used to analyze the data. The analysis was also related to quantity maxim and quality maxim proposed by Grice maxim (1975). This study has shown that the usage of hedges in Indonesian was classified into propositional, approximator, and adjective hedges. They were used to show politeness as well as to hide the real meaning of their utterance.
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