Background: Topical immunotherapy of alopecia areata (AA) is an effective but time-consuming treatment with unknown long-term risks. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify criteria which allow a selection of patients with a good prognosis for topical immunotherapy with diphencyprone. Methods: The anamnestic and clinical data of 50 successfully and 55 unsuccessfully treated patients were compared by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Five factors were found to be of prognostic significance: type of AA (p ≤ 0.001), presence of nail changes (p ≤ 0.001), duration of AA before treatment (p ≤ 0.005), age at onset (p ≤ 0.01) and association with atopic eczema (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusion: A selection of AA patients who are likely to respond to topical immunotherapy is possible on the basis of anamnestic and clinical data.

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