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Natural products are increasing used in preventing and treating various diseases. Mangiferin belongs to the xanthone family, and has potential antiangiogenic, anticancer, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity along with the antioxidant activity. It is also used in the treatment of cardiac problem, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease. Finding of various researchers proves that mangiferin has a broad spectrum therapeutic application. Motive of this review is to describe the various studies performed on mangiferin for its different pharmacological activities. It also discusses various challenges associated with mangiferin such as stability and bioavailability. Strategies and approaches to improve bioavailability of mangiferin have also been discussed. Both research and review articles were used to write the manuscript. They were collected from various search engines like Pub Med, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like mangiferin, polyphenol, bioavailability enhancement, solubility enhancement, and antioxidant. Mangiferin being a potent antioxidant is effective in the treatment of various diseases. With novel drug delivery approaches we can overcome poor solubility and bioavailability problem which eventually can result to better utilisation of mangiferin in treating a variety of diseases and make mangiferin a revolutionary drug.

Background: Human brain is amongst the most complex organs in human body, and delivery of therapeutic agents across the brain is a tedious task. Existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from invasion of undesirable substances; therefore it hinders the transport of various drugs used for the treatment of different neurological diseases including glioma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. To surmount this barrier, various approaches have been used such as the use of carrier mediated drug delivery; use of intranasal route, to avoid first pass metabolism; and use of ligands (lactoferrin, apolipoprotein) to transport the drug across the BBB. Ligands bind with proteins present on the cell and facilitate the transport of drug across the cell membrane via. receptor mediated, transporter mediated or adsorptive mediated transcytosis. Objective: The main focus of this review article is to illustrate various studies performed using ligands for delivering drug across BBB; it also describes the procedure used by various researchers for conjugating the ligands to the formulation to achieve targeted action. Methods: Research articles that focused on the used of ligand conjugation for brain delivery and compared the outcome with unconjugated formulation were collected from various search engines like PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like ligands, neurological disorders, conjugation, etc. Results and Conclusion: Ligands have shown great potential in delivering drug across BBB for treatment of various diseases, yet extensive research is required so that the ligands can be used clinically for treating neurological diseases.

Background Temozolomide is drug of choice for the treatment of glioblastoma, but dose-related side effects, limit its use. Resveratrol suppresses tumor growth and promotes apoptosis. Many studies showed synergistic activity of resveratrol and temozolomide against glioblastoma. There are methods reported for the assessment of temozolomide and resveratrol individually, but no analytical method has been reported for assessment of temozolomide and resveratrol simultaneously. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and optimize HPLC analytical method for the simultaneous assessment of temozolomide and resveratrol in a developed nanostructured lipid carrier. Methods Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the method. The method was developed using C18 column. The composition of the mobile phase was 30% methanol and 70% glacial acetic acid (0.1% v/v in HPLC grade water), detecting wavelength was 310 nm. Forced degradation test was also performed to demonstrate the proposed HPLC method's ability to indicate stability. Results The LOD for temozolomide and resveratrol was found to be 1.10 and 0.83 µg/mL, respectively; while LOQ was 3.33 and 2.52 µg/mL, respectively. The drug loading and entrapment efficacy of the formulation, as determined using the aforementioned method was found to be 6.73% and 96.28% for temozolomide and 3.45% and 89.39% for resveratrol respectively. Conclusion The developed HPLC method was simple, rapid, economical, precise and accurate, reproducible, and high selectivity with good detection limits. Standard guidelines of ICH Q2 (R1) including linearity, specificity, system suitability, robustness, precision, accuracy, the LOQ, and LOD; gave satisfactory results. Forced degradation studies showed a good stability-indicating capacity of the developed HPLC method. Highlights Analytical Quality by Design is a powerful tool that could be used for the development of the analytical method. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for optimising the method. The percent of methanol and concentration of glacial acetic acid were selected as two independent variables for optimization

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant form of high-grade astrocytoma. Clinically it is characterized as 4thgrade of astrocytoma having necrotic tissue and hyperplastic blood vessel. It is observed to be the most frequent adult brain tumor representing an overall 15.4% of all brain tumors and about 60-75% of the entire astrocytoma. There are limited therapies available and the most widely used therapy includes surgical intrusion followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy (paclitaxel, temozolomide, docetaxel, etc); with an overall patient survival rate from 6–14 months. Various studies have proved that nanoformulations offer considerable advantages like enhanced drug solubility, targeted activity, and attenuated side effects. Objective: The key objective of this review article is to exemplify numerous studies carried out using nanocarriers for overcoming the challenges associated with the treatment of glioblastoma. It also describes the pathways associated with the induction, initiation, and progression of glioblastoma. Methods: Research articles that focused on the use of nanocarrier-based drug delivery approach for the treatment of various glioblastoma were collected from different search engines, such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed using keywords like glioblastoma, nanocarriers, Brain delivery, etc. Results: Nanocarriers have shown enormous potential in overcoming the challenges associated with the treatment of glioblastoma. Conclusion: Broad research is still needed so that these nanocarriers can be used clinically for the welfare of mankind, in the management of glioblastoma, in near future.

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