Co and Zn ferrites with general formula CO 1-X Zn X Fe 2 O 4 (x = 0; 0,2 and 0,8) were synthesized by combustion reaction method, using urea as fuel. The structure of inverse-spinel-type ferrite were characterized through XRD using Rietveld refinement method to identify, quantify phases and determine lattice parameters. The crystallites had mean size of 37,33 nm, 43,66 nm and 51.88 nm with the increment of Zn 2+ , respectively. Samples were sintered in a resistive oven at 900 °C for 3 hours. Analysis by SEM indicated that the particles have irregular sizes and high concentration of open pores. The magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), through which a decrease in the magnetization variation was observed as the non-magnetic Zn 2+ concentration increases. The permittivity and loss tangent were determined using vector network analyzer equipment, permittivity increases with the increase of zinc concentration and the tangent loss measurements were small for all ferrites synthesized in this work.
This article aims to assess the quality of water stored in cisterns, particularly in houses in the Mato Grande Region, an area in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, which has benefited from social government programs. Firstly, a survey was applied to the local population to collect information about the stored water (origin, uses, and treatment methods performed). Subsequently, water samples were collected to perform microbiological analyses. The results show that water is primarily used for many purposes, including drinking. Also, all samples were contaminated by Escherichia coli, a fecal coliform bacterium responsible for many diseases and health problems. These findings suggest the urgent need for public policies and investment in technologies, education, and social development to prevent the proliferation of pathogens in the reservoirs. In addition, the article discusses the most viable alternatives to ensure potable water consumption in disadvantaged populations: the development and large-scale implementation of low-cost intervention methodologies, for example, Social Technologies (TS), that are currently discussed in Brazil by different sectors. Through these actions, a plausible solution is being demonstrated to assist with social needs and, as a result, allow the effective reduction of the social exclusion of individuals in complete alignment with the different pillars of sustainable development established by the United Nations Organization (UN).
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