Objective: To compare the difference in pain perceived by patients undergoing intra-oral local anesthesia withdifferent gauge needles. Study Design: Qausi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department of Institute of Dentistry, CombinedMilitary Hospital, Lahore Medical College, Lahore, from July 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: One hundred patients were selected by consecutive sampling from the oral surgery OPD clinic.They were divided into two groups A and B randomly. Twenty three gauge needle on a 3cc disposable syringewas used for inferior alveolar nerve block and buccal nerve block for group A and 27 gauge needle on a metaldental syringe was used for the same in group B. Patients gave a verbal pain score, from 0-10 for each injection. Results: One Hundred participants were included in study, 37 (37%) males and 63 (63%) females. Mean painscore for group A for the inferior alveolar nerve block was 4.50 ± 2.1 and group B was 3.86 ± 2. The mean painscore for the buccal nerve block in group A was 4.02 ± 1.7, while that of group B was 3.94 ± 1.8. There was nosignificant difference (p=0.167 & 0.855) in pain perceived by patients undergoing intra oral local anesthesia using needles of different gauges. Conclusion: There is no difference in pain perceived by patients undergoing intra oral local anesthesia usingneedles of different gauges.
<p><strong>Objective:</strong><strong> </strong>To determine the toxic effects of quinolones on serum testosterone level in male albino rats.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>Eighty male albino rats were randomly divided into A, B, C and D groups each group having 20 albino rats. These groups were further subdivided into A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2 having 10 albino rats each. Ciprofloxcin, ofloxacin and enoxacin dissolved in distilled water were given at 135mg/kg/ day, 72mg/kg/day and 12.5mg/kg/day to groups A, B and C respectively for 12 weeks. Only distilled water was given to group D which was control group for the same time period. Blood samples were drawn for testosterone hormone level estimation at 0, 14<sup>th</sup>, 28<sup>th</sup> and 42<sup>nd</sup> day in subgroups Al, B1, Cl and D1 and then the animals in said groups were sacrificed on 42<sup>nd</sup> day to identify testicular morphological changes. Rats in subgroup A2, B2, C2 and D2 were kept alive till 84<sup>th</sup> day after stopping drugs at 42 days to find out if there is any change in levels of testosterone after discontinuation of the treatment. Blood samples for testosterone hormone estimation were taken at 0, 14<sup>th</sup>, 28<sup>th</sup>, 42<sup>nd, </sup>56<sup>th</sup>, 70<sup>th</sup> and 84<sup>th</sup> day from subgroups A2, B2, C2 and D2. Testosterone hormone estimation assay was performed on the collected samples.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Testosterone assay showed significant decrease in serum testosterone levels in all experimental groups, when compared with control group. These levels did not return back to normal even after withdrawal of drugs. This study suggests a gonadotoxic potential of quinolones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quinolones reduce serum testosterone levels and should be used carefully for long term therapy.<strong></strong></p>
Objective: To determine the frequency of occult cervical metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from July 31st, 2015 to January 31st, 2016 on 100 patients of oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) having clinically and radiologically negative nodes. Prophylactic functional neck dissection was done in each patient and was sent to the pathology lab for evaluation of any occult metastasis. Results: Overall frequency of occult cervical metastasis was found to be 27%. In 41(41 %) specimens of SCC of tongue, 13(31.7%) had occult metastasis. In Alveolar mucosa occult metastasis was found in 4(20 %) out of 20(20 %) patients. In SCC of buccal mucosa occult metastasis was found in 10(29.4%) out of 34(34 %) patients. In SCC of lip no occult metastasis was detected. Conclusion: Within the boundaries of the present study, it is concluded that occult cervical metastasis was most frequent in cases of SCC tongue, whereas no occult cervical metastasis detected in SCC of lip. Key Words: Squamous cell carcinoma, cervical lymph nodes, prophylactic neck dissection, occult cervical metastasis. Continuous...
Introduction: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a well-known precancerous condition with malignant transformation rate as high as 7.6%. It results in marked rigidity of oral cavity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. Although OSF has a high rate of morbidity but no reliable treatment modality for its management has been developed yet. Objective: To determine the frequency of positive response of oral lycopene in the treatment of patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Methods:A descriptive case series of patients with OSF was conducted at our institution for a period of 6 months i.e.18-11-2014 to 18-05-2015 in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data was collected by using non-probability sampling technique. After informed consent, all patients were prescribed lycopene 30 mg BD dose for a period of 6 months. Changes in mouth opening (IIO) was measured every month for each patient. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: A total number of 100 cases were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 27.24±8.22 of which 53(53%) were male and 47(47%) were female cases. Positive response of lycopene was noted in 76(76%) of cases while 24(24%) did not respond to the treatment. No adverse effects reported during the treatment period as well as during follow-up. Conclusion: It is concluded that the lycopene can and should be used as a first line of treatment in the management of Oral Submucous fibrosis.
Objectives: The objective of this research work was to observe the testicular morphological changes produced by fluoroquinolones in the reproductive organs of adult male albino rats, and to see whether these changes are reversible after discontinuation of the drugs.
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