This paper reviews various inversion techniques applied to resistivity inverse problems, and proposes a fairly different approach. The advantages and disadvantages of various resistivity inversion methods are briefly summarized. A good inversion method must simultaneously minimize the effects of data error and model parameter errors. The necessary requirements for inversion of any geophysical data are a fast forward algorithm for calculating theoretical data for initial model parameters, and a technique for calculating derivatives of the data with respect to the model parameters. Unfortunately. the second requirement is not readily available for two-dimensional (ZD) or three-dimensional (3D) inverse resistivity problems. A few workers have examined the problem of resistivity inversion, but no claim has yet been made for an optimum inverse method for ZD or)D resistivity data. Most resistivity inversion methods are also restricted to surface electrode arrays. A multi-dimensional resistivity inversion method using perturbation analysis and reciprocity is proposed. The theoretical basis for this method is briefly developed. This approach is an efficient way of calculating the derivatives of data with respect to the model parameters because the inverse formulation thereby developed is a linearized form of the general non-linear problem. An attempt is also made to provide an update on the state of knowledge of resistivity inverse problems.
An innovative protocol to the synthesis of this material emerged on exploring the potential of the various form of N-aminophthalimides on its reaction with a number of aromatic aldehydes. New series of biologically active substituted Schiff bases with general formula, R1N=CHR2 where R1 = 3-nitro-N-aminophthalimide, 3-bromo-N-aminophthalimide, 4-nitro-N-aminophthalimide, 4-bromo-N-aminophthalimide, R2 =2, 6-dichlorobenzaldehyde, o-anisaldehyde and o-vanillin were synthesized by the reaction of substituted N-aminophthalimides and substituted aldehydes in ethanol. Moreover N-aminophthalimides (50-70% yield) were synthesized by reactions of corresponding phthalimides and hydrazine hydrate. Such compounds were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques like, melting point, elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C).The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The explorations of the biological properties of the compounds are mentioned in this paper.
INTRODUCTIONThe triazoles are of great biological [1][2][3][4][5][6] significance. It is also powerful fungicide. The present communication reports the results of the spectro-photometric studies of the complexes of Pb(II) with 5-mercapto-4-amino-3-methyl 1, 2, 4 Triazole prepared 7-9 . Isolation of the ComplexesA mixture of hot aqueous solution of lead acetate and ligand were taken in the ratio of 1:2. By adding NaOH the pH of the mixture 4, 7 and 11 adjusted. The mixtures were refluxed till complexes were precipitated. The complexes obtained were further treated with ethanolic solution, then ether, then were filtered by suction, washed with ethanol and ether, dried at 100°C in the electric oven for several hours. ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRYwww.orientjchem.org Est. 1984 An ABSTRACTThe Pb(II) with 5-mercapto-4-Amino-3-methyl, 1, 2, 4, triazole complexes has been prepared. The Structural assessments of the complexes have been made on the basis of result of IR Studies.
Currently, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are monitored using gas analysis, geophysical logging, observation wells (P&T), well testing methods, seismic velocity tomography, or inversion of deformation measurements. These methods each have their strengths and weaknesses. Most EOR processes involve massive changes in the formation resistivity because of the introduction of a fluid phase with a different conductivity, or a large change in temperature. Three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography may be a way of tracking propagation of fluid fronts with time. We present general requirements for resistivity tomography in EOR, typical electrode installations to reduce noise and seasonal variations, requirements for a general inversion of a 3-D resistivity problem in EOR, sensitivity analyses for a shallow reservoir case subjected to EOR, and a method of rapid design evaluation of resistivity monitoring. We believe that analysis tools and the technology is now adequate to reevaluate and develop electrical monitoring for EOR applications. Introduction Geophysical techniques have been used for reservoir delineation and description for several decades. Currently, attempts are being made in modifying geophysical techniques to actively monitor secondary and tertiary recovery processes such as water, steam, and fireflooding. It has been realized that the detection of changes in the geophysical response with time can be used to estimate the lateral extent and volume of the reservoir affected by enhanced recovery processes. The main objective of monitoring is to provide a reliable temporal description of the fluid front propagation resulting from the flooding. These data are usually supplemented with production and observation well histories to estimate reservoir recovery efficiency as well as to plan future continuation of production cycles. In fact, such data may even lead to improved process control because it provides an independent feed-back measure of the recovery behaviour. P. 183
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