Considering Planck scale and Mach's principle, theoretically it is possible to show that magnitude of the currently believed dark energy is equal to the magnitude of current cosmic rotational kinetic energy.
Point of 'big bang' can be considered as the center or characteristic reference point of cosmic expansion in all directions. If so, the existence of 'preferred direction' in the universe may not be wrong. Based on the Mach's principle, it can be suggested that, within the 'Hubble volume' overall distribution of 'Hubble mass' will explain the observed physical phenomena. With the discovered applications it is very clear to say that, without a joint and unified study of cosmology and atomic & particle physics, one should not deny the concepts of black hole cosmology. The most interesting thing is that, at any given cosmic time, if the universe is a primordial growing black hole, then certainly its 'Schwarzschild radius' can be considered as its characteristic minimum size at that time. Clearly speaking, "forever rotating at light speed, high temperature and high angular velocity small sized primordial cosmic black hole gradually transforms into a low temperature and low angular velocity large sized massive primordial cosmic black hole". Independent of the redshift observations and considering the proposed relations, with a great confidence now one can start seeing/observing the universe as a primordial expanding and light speed rotating black hole. Based on the proposed relations and concepts of black hole cosmology, definitions of cosmic homogeneity and cosmic isotropy must be readdressed. It is also clear that, now the black hole universe is expanding in a decelerating mode at a very small rate in such a way that with current technology one cannot measure its deceleration rate. Finally it can be suggested that cosmic acceleration and dark energy can be considered as pure mathematical concepts and there exists no physical base behind their affirmation. For the most serious cosmologists this may be bitter news, but it is a fact. Authors hope that, by 2015 definitely this subject will come into main stream physics. With reference to Black hole cosmology, it can be suggested that, characteristic nuclear charge radius and the characteristic angular momentum of the revolving electron increase with cosmic time. In addition, characteristic nuclear charge radius is more fundamental than the reduced Planck's constant. The key point to be noted is that the Planck's constant can be considered as a cosmological constant.Keywords: Mach's principle, hubble length, hubble volume, hubble mass, black hole cosmology, cmbr wavelength, nuclear radius, rms radius of proton, planck's constant, reduced planck's constant, fine structure ratio and avogadro number.
Astronomers believe that black holes that are as large as a billion solar masses can be found at the centre of most galaxies. Here the fundamental questions to be answered are: If the galactic central black hole mass is 10 billion solar masses and density is less than 1 kg/m 3 -with such a small density and large mass, without collapsing -how it is able to hold a gigantic galaxy? What force makes the black hole stable? Recent observations indicate that, instead of collapsing, galactic central black holes are growing faster and spinning faster than they expected. From this it can be suggested that, in the universe -'black hole geometry' is most important than its mass and density. In this regard, considering the classical force and power limits an attempt is made to understand the black hole geometry, radius, angular velocity and temperature. If one is willing to consider the 'black hole geometry' as primordial, if universe constitutes so many galaxies, if each galaxy constitutes a central fast growing and fast spinning black hole and if black hole's growth accelerates with its increasing mass, then considering universe as a 'growing and light speed rotating primordial black hole' may not be far away from reality. May be the vastness of the universe making our observations limited and forcing us to believe that -universe is flat. Thinking in this way and with reference to the Planck scale an attempt is made to fit the present Hubble's constant and its obtained value is 66.895 (km/sec)/Mpc. It can be compared with the recently recommended value (67.80 ± 0.77) (km/sec)/Mpc
In the earlier published papers the authors suggested that, “Magnitude of the unified force can be assumed to be equal to the classical or astrophysical force limit . Strength of any interaction can be defined as the ratio of the operating force magnitude and the magnitude of . If strength of the Schwarzschild interaction is assumed to be unity, then weak interaction strength seems to be ‘squared Avogadro number’ times less than the Schwarzschild interaction. The characteristic atomic force can be represented by â€. Thinking in this way, atomic gravitational constant can be expressed as  With current atomic physical constants and with the assumed two new grand unified back ground numbers analytically - value of  can be fixed for 10 digits and can be verified. Inverse of the strong coupling constant can be considered as the ‘natural logarithm of square root of ratio of gravitational and electromagnetic force ratio of down quark mass where the operating gravitational constant is squared Avogadro number times the gravitational constant’. Finally an attempt is made to fit and understand the mystery of Up and Down quarks, nuclear stability, and nuclear binding energy. For medium and heavy atomic nuclides, at the stable mass number, nuclear binding energy seems to be equal to the sum of rest energy of  up quarks and  down quarks.
By introducing two large pseudo gravitational constants assumed to be associated with strong and electromagnetic interactions, we make an attempt to combine the old Abdus Salam's 'strong gravity' concept with 'Newtonian gravity' and try to understand the constructional features of nuclei, atoms and neutron stars in a unified approach. From the known elementary atomic and nuclear physical constants, estimated magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant is (6.66 to 6.70) x10 -11 m 3 /kg/sec 2 . Finally, by eliminating the proposed two pseudo gravitational constants, we inter-related the Newtonian gravitational constant, Fermi's weak coupling constant and Strong coupling constant, in a generalized approach.
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