Insomnia is characterized by difficulty in falling and/or staying asleep. People with insomnia experience one or more of the following symptoms: difficulty getting asleep, difficulty falling asleep again frequently throughout the night and after being awake for a while, and waking up too early or unintentionally in the morning. Objective: To study the severity of insomnia symptoms in young adults. Design: It was a cross-sectional single group exploratory study. Participants: A sample of hundred participants of both genders (53 males and 47 females) aged between 20 to 30 years was taken. Procedure: An online survey was conducted by using ‘Google Forms’ to study Insomnia symptoms among young adults in India. Results: About 52% of total participants reported one or more symptoms of insomnia, and 12% reported moderate level, 14% reported severe level and 26% reported sub-threshold level of insomnia symptoms. A Chi-square analysis of frequency distribution confirmed the significant difference among the four groups; namely no insomnia (n=48), sub-threshold insomnia (n=26), moderate level insomnia (n=12), and severe level of insomnia (n=14) at χ2 (3, N=100) = 32.8, p >0.0001. Conclusion: A large proportion of young adults reported insomnia symptoms. There is a dire need to address this serious issue.
It has been documented that elderly are more prone to psychological problems and depression is the commonest geriatric psychiatric disorders. In fact, the elderly in India face a multitude of psychological, social and physical health problems. In a cross-sectional study, it was found that in persons of 65 years and older, the perceived adequacy of emotional and tangible support was clearly associated with depressive symptoms. Aim and Objective: To study the relationship between Perceived Stress and Loneliness in Older People with and without Depression. Sample and Methodology: This study comprised of 60 (30 with depression and 30 without depression) participants of age 60 years or above. The sample was selected with purposive incidental sampling technique. Material used: Geriatric Depression Scale- 30, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and UCLA-loneliness scale were administered after taking consent from the participants. Results: Result shows the comparison of means between depressive (case-group) and non-depressive (control-group) as per the scores on Perceived Stress Scale and University of California Log Angeles Loneliness Scale. On UCLA-loneliness scale, the scores of depressive group were found to be statistically significant at 0.01 levels (t-value 19.547) in comparison to non-depressive group and on Perceived Stress Scale, the scores of depressive groups were also found to be statistically significant at 0.01 levels (t-value 14.716) in comparison to non-depressive group. Conclusion: In brief, the findings of the study show that perceived stress and loneliness are the contributory factors of depression. It has also been observed that depressed people perceive more stress, loneliness than non-depressed older people.
It has been documented that elderly are more prone to psychological problems and depression is the commonest geriatric psychiatric disorders. In fact the elderly in India face a multitude of psychological, social and physical health problems. In a cross-sectional study, it was found that in persons 65 years and older, the perceived adequacy of emotional and tangible support was clearly associated with depressive symptoms. Aim and Objective: This study intends to see the relationship between depression and social support among depressive and non-depressive elderly. Samples and Methods: This study comprised of 60 (30 with depression and 30 without depression) participants of age 60 or above. The sample was selected with purposive incidental sampling technique. Material used: GDS-30 and PGI- SSQ were administered after taking consent. Results and conclusion: Result shows the comparison of means between depressive (case-group) and non-depressive (control-group) as per the scores on Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ). The mean score (40.53) of depressive group was lesser than that of non-depressive group (50.30). The t-value (20.373) was found to be statistically significant at 0.01. (p-value 0.000). Conclusion: In brief, the findings of the study show that depressed people perceive lack of social support than non-depressed elderly people. It has been observed that social support is a protective factor from depression in elderly people.
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