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The photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 to renewable fuels and valuable chemicals using solar energy is a research topic that has attracted great attention recently due to its potential to provide value added products under the sun, solving the issues related to global warming at the same time. This review covers the main research efforts made on the photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2. Particularly, the study focuses in the configuration of the applied reactor, which is a topic scarcely explored in the literature. This includes the main materials used as photoelectrodes and their configuration in the photoelectrochemical reactor, which are discussed for technical uses. The review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art and aims to help in the development of enhanced photoelectroreactors for an efficient CO2 utilization.

The identification of groups of mutations in the PKD2 gene, which differ significantly with respect to clinical outcome, is to our knowledge the first description of a genotype/phenotype correlation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. It also provides evidence against complete loss of function of the mutant PKD2 gene product.

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BPD was followed by improved cardiovascular profile and a lower pro-inflammatory state. BPD did not produce significant malnutrition, anemia or renal stone disease.