Effect of sucrose concentration on flower qualities and changes in sugar concentrations during bud development in carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. 'Nora') were investigated. Bud cut carnation flowers were treated with sucrose solutions ranging from 0% to 17% at 23°C. Sucrose concentrations had no influence on the number of days from bud to full bloom. Sucrose at high concentrations was effective in increasing the flower diameter and improved petal color pigmentation. In the calyx, leaf and stem of intact carnations, concentrations of pinitol, sucrose, glucose and fructose remained almost constant during bud development. In petals of intact carnations, concentrations of fructose and glucose increased markedly with bud development. In all organs of bud cut carnations treated with 0% sucrose, concentrations of these sugars, except for pinitol, decreased markedly and remained very low during the experimental period. Decrease in the sugar concentrations in all organs was suppressed by 5% sucrose treatment, although the concentrations were relatively low levels compared with those of the intact carnation. These findings suggest that sucrose increases sugar concentrations in petals, which may improve flower size and petal color pigmentation of bud cut carnations.
Effects of sucrose concentrations in solution on petal color pigmentation, concentrations of sugars and anthocyanins in the petals of bud cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L., 'Nora') were investigated. Bud cut carnation flowers were treated with sucrose solutions of up to 15% at 23C. Sucrose in high concentrations (2-15%) improved petal color pigmentation. In the petals of fully opened carnations, the concentrations of fructose and glucose increased markedly after treatment with sucrose at increasing concentrations. The concentration of sucrose increased slightly, although that of pinitol and myo-inositol remained almost constant. Two types of anthocyanins, pelargonidin 3-(6''-malylglucoside) (Pg3-MG) and pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3-G), were found as pigments in the petals, of which Pg3-MG was the major pigment. The concentrations of these pigments increased markedly with sucrose concentrations. The results indicated that the application of sucrose at high concentration resulted in high accumulation of soluble sugars in the petals, and this accelerated the synthesis of these two anthocyanins and improved the petal color pigmentation.
The applicability of commercial carnation cultivars (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) to Bud Anthesis Acceleration (BAA) method was investigated. Six standard type cultivars and five spray type cultivars were placed in BAA solution containing 5% sucrose, and kept at temperature of 25°C (75%RH), light intensity of 1 klx and 12 h photoperiod. Harvesting at the small bud stage promoted calyx splitting and petal wilting in all cultivars. In the range of available bud diameter without causing damage on flower, the BAA treatment shortened the recommended days to shipping in all cultivars. Flower diameter was decreased by the treatment in 'Pleasure' and 'Roland'. Petal color pigmentation was inhibited in 'Opera', 'Riccard' and 'Lavender Tessino'. Vase life was shortened in 'Pleasure', 'Saleya', 'Lavender Tessino' and 'Roland'. Although most of these problems were solved by harvesting at large bud stage, petal color pigmentation in 'Lavender Tessino' and flower diameter and vase life in 'Roland' could not be improved by modification of BAA treatment since these cultivars have a high sugar concentration in the petal. It was concluded that 'Lavender Tessino' and 'Roland' were unsuitable for BAA method.
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