Simplification of syntax causes simplification of semantics which, together with some conceptual rearrangement such as strict separation of notation and value, facilitate a uniform and rigorous description of semantics for various syntactic elements. A reader can easily follow the rigorous construction of elaboration and can find, if acquainted with MR93, how the bewildering concept of scope is made unnecessary in ALGOL N.
Types above modes:It is observed that the single levelled specification by modes has caused a lot of inconvenience and immaterial complexity. We distinguish it into two levels, namely the calssification of values by~ypes", e.g. real, and the specification by 'modes' (in the new sense), e.g. integer. A mode is, so to say, contained in just one type, and there is given a 'rounding' or 'projection' map from (the set of values of) the type to (that of) the mode, such as the usual rounding of real number to integer. Types are subject to syntactic analysis, but modes are not. Thus a 'procedure' is concerned with parameters belonging to fixed types, not to fixed modes; its action, however, may deal with the mode of some parameter, as is the case of assignment, where the source value is rounded to the mode of the destination.
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