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An augmented reality (AR) application to help medical staff involved in interventional radiology (IR) learn how to properly use ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screens was created, and its utility was tested from the perspective of learner motivation. Method: The distribution of scattered radiation in an angiography room was visualized with an AR application in three settings: when a ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screen is not used (incorrect); when there is a gap between the bottom edge of the shielding screen and the patient's torso (incorrect); and when there is no gap between the bottom edge of the shielding screen and the patient's torso (correct). This AR application was used by 33 medical staff, after which an Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) based on the John Keller's ARCS (four categories of Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) Motivation Model, consisting of 36items with responses on a 5-point (1-5) Likert scale, was conducted. Results: The overall score was a high 4.67 ± 0.30 (mean ± standard deviation). Physician's scores tended to be lower than those of other medical staff in the categories of Attention, Relevance, and Satisfaction (not statistically significant). Conclusions: The AR application to learn how to properly use ceiling-suspended radiation shielding screens was highly rated from the perspective of learner motivation.
We investigated occupational dose to the lens of the eye for CT-assisting personnel for diagnostic purposes using a radio-photoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLD) and evaluate compliance with the new equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye (20 mSv/year). Further, we proposed the implementation of "multiple protective measures" and estimated its effect. Method: An eye lens dosimeter clip was developed specifically to attach RPLDs inside radiation safety glasses in an L-shape. Using a total of six RPLDs attached to the radiation safety glasses, the 3-mm dose-equivalent (H p (3)) to the lens of the eye for medical staff (n ¼ 11; 6 intensive care physicians, 2 pediatricians, 3 radiological technologists) who assisted patients during CT scan for "diagnostic" purpose (n ¼ 91) was measured. We evaluated the dose reduction efficiencies with radiation safety glasses and bag-valve-mask extension tube. We also estimated the protection efficiency with radiation protection curtain introduced in front of the staff's face via the phantom experiment. Results: Without wearing radiation safety glasses, H p (3) to the lens of the eye was greatest for intensive care physicians (0.49 mSv/procedure; allowing 40 procedures to be performed annually), followed by pediatricians (0.30 mSv/procedure; 66 procedures annually) and radiological technologists (0.28 mSv/procedure; 71 procedures annually). Use of each type of protective tools: radiation safety glasses (0.07-mm-Pb), bag-valve-mask extension tube (20 cm) and radiation protective curtain (0.25-mm-Pb), reduced H p (3) to the lens of the eye by 51%, 31% and 61%, respectively. Conclusion: Intensive care physicians perform most assisted ventilations with the bag-valve-mask during "diagnostic" CT scans, and may exceed the equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye if radiation safety glasses are not worn. If "multiple protective measures" are implemented, compliance with the equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye should be achievable without placing significant burdens on physicians or medical institutions.
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