This study aimed to understand the quality of the green space in the reclaimed land of Tokyo bay area from the aspect of organisms. The method to sort the green space environment of reclaimed land on the artificial ground with ecological function has not been examined. In this research, we selected Orthoptera (grasshopper, katydid and grig) as an index organism because it is closely related to the structure of green space and expected to inhabit on artificially made land. Therefore, the biotope type of the seaside area was examined with the relation to the habitat of Orthoptera and to the environmental information of green coverage. In this investigation, we recorded the number of individuals and the species of Orthoptera at 72 sites such as the parks, greenbelts, and planted zones. The relationship between environmental information of green coverage and habitat information of Orthoptera was analyzed based on the green classified chart. We classified groups of Orthoptera by TWINSPAN and analyzed the relationships of individual number of Orthoptera groups with environmental factors, using GLMM. In the result, Orthoptera groups receives the influence about distribution of green coverage in the near area and the distance from existing habitat.
The Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana) is one of the species threatened by mainly anthropogenic factor and their habitats are considered to be conserved. The first reintroduction of the species in Japan occurred in 2005. But as the species' natural wetland habitats are declining, the birds now prefer to forage in rice paddies. Thus, restoring the paddy-dominated landscape is key for further success in the reintroduction program. In addition, a quantitative method is urgently needed to assess how much suitable habitat is available and where it is located. In this study, we identified environmental factors that affect the distribution of the Oriental White Stork and produced the first predictive spatial distribution map using 2-year satellite tracking data of reintroduced individuals. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach was used to model the species' distribution at the landscape scale (1 km × 1 km grid cells). We identified six relevant environmental variables. Our results highlight the proportion of area of rice paddies as alternative wetland habitat as the most influential variable affecting the distribution positively. Landscape diversity represented by a complex mosaic of paddies and forest is also important for the species, as total length of paddy-forest edge also had a positive effect on habitat suitability. Our predictive distribution map cannot entirely provide distribution; however, it may be valuable information when considering where should be conserved as habitat to maintain the Oriental White Stork population in Japan.
Recently, many paddy fields in hilly areas have been abandoned in Japan. However, there are still small streams, which were irrigation channels, after abandoned. We focused on their water quality and fluctuation. An irrigation channel was selected in Koza Hills, Kanagawa Pref., which flows through abandoned rice paddy fields and is still maintained. Temperature, water temperature, velocity of flow, depth and width of channel, pH, electric conductivity (EC), T-N, T-P, NH4-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were investigated at five points from July to November 2009. There was an outfall of waste water at the top of channel. Then, EC, T-N and COD were declined from headwater to down stream.
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