One of the successful strategies in business competition is effectiveness of logistic management, especially when agriculture products, which have a short life-cycle, are concerned. This means that time management directly affect freshness of products. This study was based on Lean and RFID technology to reduce the amount of time in non-value-added germinated brown rice (GBR) logistic operations in a rice mill. In this study, it began with analysis of the GBR logistic operations in rice mill after that there was an investigation of 8 operation management. Finally, Value Stream Mapping in current state was drawn to show the GBR logistic operations, while Value Stream Mapping in future state was used to draw current maps integrated with Lean and RFID. The result of design using Lean and RFID showed that the GBR logistic operations significantly reduce time 617 from 3,731.5 minutes accounting for 16.53%. Moreover, according to evaluation analysis, break event point (BEP) is 3 years and the return on investment (ROI) is to be in the following the 28.77%.

In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based framework involving a traceability system for product recall (TSPR) designed to develop a traceability system integrated into the product recall system deployed to the Ethereum to ensure the transparency and visibility of the recall process for all stakeholders. The proposed system incorporates all four stakeholders, including supply chain (SC) participants, the food safety regulatory system, the admin, and end customers, into one chain. In the proposed TSPR system, individual components are developed to provide primarily product traceability events, product recall data and status, which are stored in the blockchain to authorized stakeholders. Moreover, the entity relationship and activity diagram of the TSPR system are developed. In the experiment, we develop three smart contracts of the TSPR system using Remix IDE running on an Ethereum test network. A scenario of the events of product traceability and recall in the SC is developed. Two criteria are used to test the validation of contracts: the correct operation and measurement of gas costs. The results show the correctness of three smart contracts, thereby ensuring that the stakeholder chain is provided with visibility and transparency primarily for the product recall process. Moreover, the summation of gas costs deployed in the TSPR system in Ethereum Mainnet for the regulator and manufacturer is $30.23 and $111.54, respectively. However, when using the Polygon Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), the gas cost remains $0.022 and $0.083, respectively; thus, we recommend this system for stakeholders to help them achieve lower costs and increased economic worth.

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The complexity and uncertainty of power sources connected to transmission networks need to be considered. Planners need information on the sustainability and economics of transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). This work presents a newly proposed method for TNEP that considers high-penetration solar energy by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The power sources, thermal and hydropower plants, and conditions of load were set in the account, including an uncertain power source and solar energy (PV). The optimal sizing and locating of the PV to be connected to the network were determined by the PSO. The PV grid code was set in the account. The new line’s investment cost and equipment was analyzed. The PV cost was considered based on the power loss, and the system’s reliability was improved. The IEEE 118 bus test system and Lao PDR’s system were requested to test the proposed practice. The results demonstrate that the proposed TNEP method is robust and feasible. The simulation results will be applied to guide the power system planning of Lao PDR.

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