Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to compare the serum Apelin level in patients with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome to assess this as a diagnostic marker for PCOS. In a case-control study 60 polycystic ovarian syndrome patients diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria and 20 healthy controls of reproductive age group were recruited. Study Design: Case Control study. Setting: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center in Collaboration with Aga Khan University, Karachi. Period: August 2017 and February 2019. Material & Methods: Blood samples were collected after 12 hours fasting and was used to test serum Apelin, insulin, cortisol and fasting blood glucose levels. Results: Seventy percent PCO subjects had irregular menstrual cycle and 68% suffered from hirsutism; while all PCO subjects had more than 10 antral follicle seen on ultrasound in either one or both ovaries in comparison of 15% controls (p<0.05). Higher Apelin and Testosterone levels in PCO group was reported when compared with controls (p<0.05) across all BMI categories. Apelin showed a positive correlation with number of ovarian cysts (r=0.429; p=0.000); irregular menstrual cyle (r=0.276;p=0.13); blood glucose level (r=0.270; p=0.015) and BMI (r=0.229; p=0.14). Apelin remained independently associated with the risk of PCOS (p=0.020) and elevated testosterone levels (p=0.030). Conclusion: Serum Apelin showed a strong association with irregular menstruation, hirsutism, ovarian cysts, testosterone and deranged blood glucose levels. Therefore, Apelin appears as a potential source for several risk factor in PCOS women of all BMI types.
To clarify the interrelationship of high intensity exercise and duration of time on lipid profile, blood pressure and, body weight in young hyperlipidemic adults and to evaluate the beneficial effects on health in possible shorter duration of time.
Objectives: To clarify the interrelationship of high intensity exercise and durationof time on lipid profile, blood pressure and, body weight in young hyperlipidemic adults andto evaluate the beneficial effects on health in possible shorter duration of time. Study Design:Case control study. Setting: Department of Physiology, BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. Period: January2012 to April 2012. Methods: Total numbers of 60 volunteers moderately active, younghyperlipidemic adults, aged 30 to 50 years, thirty for each A (control), and B (high intensityexercise) group respectively were assigned to participate for 12 weeks exercise programwithout restricted caloric diet at pre–identified track of specific time. Lipids profile and age, sex,weight, BMI, blood pressure, and lab investigations like serum Total cholesterol, Triglycerides,LDL, and HDL, of each participant were recorded at baseline (0 day) and similarly on day30, 60 and 90 respectively. Results: At the end of the 12 weeks program in high intensityexercise group significant effects have been observed by lowering the level of total cholesterol,triglyceride (p <0.05) and lipoproteins variables, with increasing the level of HDL-c. While nosignificant change in blood pressure and weight reduction was observed between indicialand final measurement in control and high intensity exercise groups (p<o.o5). Conclusion:Finding of this study suggest that, high intensity exercise has positive effects on lipid profileby lowering the level of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TGs) low density lipoprotein (LDL-c)and increasing the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) in hyperlipidemic adults rapidlyin short duration of time, thus have beneficial effects by reducing the cardiac risk factors,chronic metabolic disorders and improving the cardio respiratory fitness but reduction in bloodpressure body weight can be achieved in short time by combination of high intensity exerciseand nutritional guidance of caloric restriction.
Objectives: To measure Vitamin D levels in diabetic patients with and without kidney disease. Study Design: Prospective Case Control Study. Setting: Diabetic Clinic Ward 6, Nephrology Unit Ward 22 JPMC. Period: 2 year Jan 2016 to Dec 2017. Material & Methods: 102 subjects were enrolled for the study in which their anthropometry was recorded and blood samples were collected for hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose, vitamin D levels, and blood Urea Nitrogen. Results: It is identified from the experiments that vitamin D deficiency links with a prior and an additional hostile inception of diabetes. In this research the levels of Vitamin D was measured in diabetic patients with and without kidney disease and then were correlated with disease severity. Conclusion: It is concluded that vitamin D deficiency in patients with CKD is not accepted so far. Whereas Patients with CKD might be connected with better existence rates, when matched to patients who did not consume vitamin D.
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to appraise the relationship between women’s body image perception and depression in case and controls. Methods: In this case-control study 60 polycystic ovarian syndrome patients established agreeing to the Rotterdam criteria and 60 healthy controls of reproductive age group were enrolled. The PCOS patients and healthy controls were evaluated on questionnaire for physical appearance and depression. Body image perception was accessed using the validated Body Esteem Scale. The symptoms of Depression were evaluated with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report. Results: 55% of PCOS patients had depression while 36.7% were found with depression in the control group. In the PCOS group 65% of patients were found with positive body image while 98.3% of patients were found with positive body image. Significant association of study cases group was found with BMI group (p=0.049), diet habit (p=0.013), depression (p=0.044) and body image (p=0.000). Patients with depression are also more likely to have PCOS in comparison with those who haven’t (OR=2.111). Conclusion: There was a significant association of study group with body image perception and depression. Therefore, health of the patients with this set of symptoms is essential to be acknowledged more fully, predominantly in relation to the despair and poor body image. The outcomes of this study foster implications for clinical practice and propose that a multidisciplinary team should be involved in treatment of PCOS. Key words: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Depression.
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