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Stenotrophomonas species are found commonly in environmental and clinical samples; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic pathogen of humans. Traditional phenotyping protocols, as well as genotyping by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, do not reliably distinguish the species of Stenotrophomonas. Sequence analyses of two targeted PCR-amplified regions of the gyrB gene, which encodes the β-subunit of DNA gyrase, enabled resolution and identification of these species. Most type strains of the different species of Stenotrophomonas exhibited more than 7% dissimilarity in the gyrB gene sequences. Among these, strains identified as the same species exhibited sequence dissimilarities up to 4.6% and 5.9% for the two regions, respectively. Strains identified as S. maltophilia, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities > 99.0%, were grouped within a 'S. maltophilia complex'; these organisms exhibited gyrB similarities as low as 93%. Many of these strains possessed genomic DNA similarities with the type strain of S. maltophilia CCUG 5866(T) below 70%. These data, including gyrB sequence comparisons, indicate that strains identified as S. maltophilia may comprise distinct, new species.

The present study aims to investigate the microbiological research of mineral and spring mountain waters in the region of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In Bulgaria, there are mineral and mountain spring waters, which are not subjected to physicochemical and microbiological control by the Regional Health Inspectorate, yet they are the most widely used springs by the population as sources of drinking water. The methodology is including the determination of total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The results showed 11 rod shaped, Gram–positive and spore forming bacteria and 2 rod shaped, Gram–negative non-spore forming bacteria are isolated from spring and healing waters. The colonial and physiological characteristics of the isolated strains are defined. The biochemical profiles of the selected bacteria are determined with the system for rapid identification API 50 CH. The strains are identified by software processing of the obtained biochemical profiles with apiweb®. Furthermore, the tested strains are genetically identified by molecular-genetic methods – ARDRA analysis and sequencing of the gene for the 16S rRNA. The results obtained from the biochemical and molecular-genetic studies indicate that the selected strains belong to different species of genus Bacillus, Aeromonas, Klebsiella. The identification strains support for registration of water sources in Plovdiv region, Bulgaria according Decree No. 9.

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