A statistical pilot study was retrospectively performed to analyze potential changes in occupational radiation exposures to Interventional Radiology (IR) staff at Lawrence General Hospital after implementation of the i2 Active Radiation Dosimetry System (Unfors RaySafe Inc, 6045 Cochran Road Cleveland, OH 44139-3302). In this study, the monthly OSL dosimetry records obtained during the eight-month period prior to i2 implementation were normalized to the number of procedures performed during each month and statistically compared to the normalized dosimetry records obtained for the 8-mo period after i2 implementation. The resulting statistics included calculation of the mean and standard deviation of the dose equivalences per procedure and included appropriate hypothesis tests to assess for statistically valid differences between the pre and post i2 study periods. Hypothesis testing was performed on three groups of staff present during an IR procedure: The first group included all members of the IR staff, the second group consisted of the IR radiologists, and the third group consisted of the IR technician staff. After implementing the i2 active dosimetry system, participating members of the Lawrence General IR staff had a reduction in the average dose equivalence per procedure of 43.1% ± 16.7% (p = 0.04). Similarly, Lawrence General IR radiologists had a 65.8% ± 33.6% (p=0.01) reduction while the technologists had a 45.0% ± 14.4% (p=0.03) reduction.
Background: Job satisfaction is a major factor in nurse retention and the delivery of high quality care. Hence, aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting job satisfaction among nurses working in the teaching hospital, Chitwan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used and a total 135 nurses who were working for at least 3 months in the Chitwan Medical Teaching Hospital were taken as study sample. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the desired sample. Pre-tested structured self-administered questionniare with job satisfaction scale consisting eight domains was used to collect the data. Obtained data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 for window and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (chi-square test). Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (57.85%) of the nurses were satisfied with their job. Nurses’ job satisfaction was higher on organization and administration policies (4.18±0.04) and least on salary and benefits (3.01±0.19) they were receiving from the institution. The significance influencing factors of job satisfaction were professional qualification (p=0.04), total work experience in nursing (p=0.004), working ward/unit (p=0.014), designation (p=0.007), number of patient assigned in general ward (p=<0.001) and leadership style in the ward (p=<0.001). Conclusions: Considerable percentage of nurses are not satisfied with their job. Hence hospital management and professional associations need to address the identified factors to enhance the job satisfaction among nurses working in a teaching hospital.
Background: Job satisfaction is a major factor in nurse retention and the delivery of high quality care. Hence, aim of this study was to find out the factors affecting job satisfaction among nurses working in the teaching hospital, Chitwan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used and a total 135 nurses who were working for at least 3 months in the Chitwan Medical Teaching Hospital were taken as study sample. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the desired sample. Pre-tested structured self-administered questionniare with job satisfaction scale consisting eight domains was used to collect the data. Obtained data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 for window and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (chi-square test). Results: The findings of the study revealed that more than half (57.85%) of the nurses were satisfied with their job. Nurses’ job satisfaction was higher on organization and administration policies (4.18±0.04) and least on salary and benefits (3.01±0.19) they were receiving from the institution. The significance influencing factors of job satisfaction were professional qualification (p=0.04), total work experience in nursing (p=0.004), working ward/unit (p=0.014), designation (p=0.007), number of patient assigned in general ward (p=<0.001) and leadership style in the ward (p=<0.001). Conclusion: Considerable percentage of nurses is not satisfied with their job. Hence hospital management and professional associations need to address the identified factors to enhance the job satisfaction among nurses working in a teaching hospital.
The MCNP5 radiation transport code was used to quantify changes in the absorbed dose conversion factor for LiF, Al2O3, and silicon-based electronic dosimeters calibrated in-air using standard techniques and summarily used to measure absorbed dose to water when placed in a water phantom. A mono-energetic photon source was modeled at energies between 30 keV and 300 keV for a point-source placed at the center of a water phantom, a point-source placed at the surface of the phantom, and for a 10-cm radial field geometry. Dosimetric calculations were obtained for water, LiF, Al2O3, and silicon at depths of 0.2 cm and 10 cm from the source. These results were achieved using the MCNP5 *FMESH photon energy-fluence tally, which was coupled with the appropriate DE/DF card for each dosimetric material studied to convert energy-fluence into the absorbed dose. The dosimeter's absorbed dose conversion factor was calculated as a ratio of the absorbed dose to water to that of the dosimeter measured at a specified phantom depth. The dosimeter's calibration value also was obtained. Based on these results, the absorbed dose conversion factor for a LiF dosimeter was found to deviate from its calibration value by up to 9%, an Al2O3 dosimeter by 43%, and a silicon dosimeter by 61%. These data therefore can be used to obtain LiF, Al2O3, and silicon dosimeter correction factors for mono-energetic and poly-energetic sources at measurement depths up to 10 cm under the irradiation geometries investigated herein.
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