No abstract

Home and personal travel decisions have important consequences for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet there has been little data on and investigation into the connections between such decisions and decision makers' opinions on energy policy options. This study examines such data for the Austin metropolitan area and attempts to infer directions for fruitful energy policy.Nearly all respondents recognized global warming as a problem (95%), and most agreed that lifestyle changes are needed to combat climate change (85%). Many also believe that climate change can be combated by application of stricter policies in the areas of vehicle technology (68%), fuel economy (86%), and building design (85%). Results of the study illuminate the importance of home-zone attributes on vehicle ownership, vehicle miles, and emissions. Most (56%) households agree that energy regulations should be pursued to curb global climate change, and most prefer caps on consumption over taxation. Data and empirical results suggest that substantial U.S. energy and greenhouse gas savings are likely to come from vehicle fuel-economy regulation, rebates on relatively fuel-efficient vehicle purchases, home heating and cooling practices, caps on maximum household energy use, and long-term behavioral shifts.

With environmental degradation and energy security as serious concerns, it is important to anticipate how vehicle ownership and usage patterns can change under different policies and contexts. This work ascertains the acquisition, disposal, and use patterns of personal vehicles of a synthetic population over time and relies on microsimulation to anticipate fleet composition, usage, and greenhouse gas emissions under different settings. Twenty-five-year simulations predict the highest market share for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and smart cars and the greatest reductions in carbon emissions under an increased gasoline price ($7/gal). Results under a “feebate” policy scenario (where fees apply to low-fuel-economy vehicles, and rebates rise with fuel economies above a threshold) indicated a shift toward fuel-efficient vehicles but with vehicle miles traveled (VMT) rising, thanks to lower driving costs. Excepting the low PHEV price and feebate policy simulations, all other scenarios predicted a lower fleet VMT value. The high-density scenario (job and household densities quadrupled) resulted in the lowest vehicle ownership levels and lower VMT values and emissions. The low-PHEV-price scenario resulted in higher shares of PHEVs but negligible impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. Adoption and widespread use of plug-in vehicles will depend on marketing, competitive pricing, government incentives, reliable driving-range reports, and charging infrastructure. Though just 29% of survey respondents stated support for a (specific) feebate policy, 35% indicated an interest in purchasing a PHEV if it cost just $6,000 more than its gasoline counterpart.