In our modern industrial society the group of the older (generation 65+) is constantly growing. Many subjects of this group are severely affected by their health and are suffering from disability and pain. The problem with chronic illness and pain is that it lowers the patient's quality of life, and therefore accurate pain assessment is needed to facilitate effective pain management and treatment. In the future, automatic pain monitoring may enable health care professionals to assess and manage pain in a more and more objective way. To this end, the goal of our SenseEmotion project is to develop automatic painand emotion-recognition systems for successful assessment and effective personalized management of pain, particularly for the generation 65+. In this paper the recently created SenseEmotion Database for pain-vs. emotion-recognition is presented. Data of 45 healthy subjects is collected to this database. For each subject approximately 30 min of multimodal sensory data has been recorded. For a comprehensive understanding of pain and affect three rather different modalities of data are included in this study: biopotentials, camera images of the facial region, and, for the first time, audio signals. Heat stimulation is applied to elicit pain, and affective image stimuli accompanied by sound stimuli are used for the elicitation of emotional states.

In this paper, we present a multimodal dataset for affective computing research acquired in a human-computer interaction (HCI) setting. An experimental mobile and interactive scenario was designed and implemented based on a gamified generic paradigm for the induction of dialog-based HCI relevant emotional and cognitive load states. It consists of six experimental sequences, inducing Interest, Overload, Normal, Easy, Underload, and Frustration. Each sequence is followed by subjective feedbacks to validate the induction, a respiration baseline to level off the physiological reactions, and a summary of results. Further, prior to the experiment, three questionnaires related to emotion regulation (ERQ), emotional control (TEIQue-SF), and personality traits (TIPI) were collected from each subject to evaluate the stability of the induction paradigm. Based on this HCI scenario, the University of Ulm Multimodal Affective Corpus (uulmMAC), consisting of two homogenous samples of 60 participants and 100 recording sessions was generated. We recorded 16 sensor modalities including 4 × video, 3 × audio, and 7 × biophysiological, depth, and pose streams. Further, additional labels and annotations were also collected. After recording, all data were post-processed and checked for technical and signal quality, resulting in the final uulmMAC dataset of 57 subjects and 95 recording sessions. The evaluation of the reported subjective feedbacks shows significant differences between the sequences, well consistent with the induced states, and the analysis of the questionnaires shows stable results. In summary, our uulmMAC database is a valuable contribution for the field of affective computing and multimodal data analysis: Acquired in a mobile interactive scenario close to real HCI, it consists of a large number of subjects and allows transtemporal investigations. Validated via subjective feedbacks and checked for quality issues, it can be used for affective computing and machine learning applications.

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In recent years the fields of affective computing and emotion recognition have experienced a steady increase in attention and especially the creation and analysis of multi-modal corpora has been the focus of intense research. Plausible annotation of this data, however is an enormous problem. In detail emotion annotation is very time consuming, cumbersome and sensitive with respect to the annotator. Furthermore emotional reactions are often very sparse in HCI scenarios resulting in a large annotation overhead to gather the interesting moments of a recording, which in turn are highly relevant for powerful features, classifiers and fusion architectures. Active learning techniques provide methods to improve the annotation processes since the annotator is asked to only label the relevant instances of a given dataset. In this work an unsupervised one-class Support Vector Machine is used to build a background model of non-emotional sequences on a novel HCI dataset. The human annotator is iteratively asked to label instances that are not well explained by the background model, which in turn renders them candidates for being interesting events such as emotional reactions that diverge from the norm. The outcome of the active learning procedure is a reduced dataset of only 14% the size of the original dataset that contains most of the significant information, in this case more than 75% of the emotional events.

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