This study investigated the internal consistencies and temporal stabilities of different implicit self-esteem measures. Participants (N ¼ 101) responded twice-with a time lag of 4 weeks-to five different tasks: the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT), the Affective Priming Task (APT), the Identification-Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (ID-EAST) and the Name-Letter Task (NLT). As expected, the highest reliability coefficients were obtained for the self-esteem IAT. Importantly, the internal consistencies and the temporal stabilities of the APT, the ID-EAST, and the NLT were substantially improved by using material, structural, and analytic innovations. In particular, the use of the adaptive response-window procedure for the APT, the computation of error scores for the ID-EAST, and the computation of a double corrected scoring algorithm for the NLT yielded reliability coefficients comparable to those of the established IAT. Implications for the indirect assessment of self-esteem are discussed.

Mimicry is an important interpersonal behavior for initiating and maintaining relationships. By observing the same participants ( N = 139) in multiple dyadic interactions (618 data points) in a round-robin design, we disentangled the extent to which mimicry is due to (a) the mimicker's general tendency to mimic (imitativity), (b) the mimickee's general tendency to evoke mimicry (imitatability), and (c) the unique dyadic relationship between the mimicker and the mimickee. We explored how these mimicry components affected liking and metaperceptions of liking (i.e., metaliking). Employing social relations models, we found substantial interindividual differences in imitativity, which predicted popularity. However, we found only small interindividual differences in imitatability. We found support for our proposition that mimicry is a substantially dyadic construct explained mostly by the unique relationship between two people. Finally, we explored the link between dyadic mimicry and liking, and we found that a person's initial liking of his or her interaction partner led to mimicry, which in turn increased the partner's liking of the mimicker.

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The present research investigated the nature and behavioral consequences of interpersonal attraction in small groups. In line with dual-process models of information processing, we studied the influence of implicit and explicit evaluations of interaction partners on actual friendly behavior in two social contexts. In two studies, 247 unacquainted same-sex participants ( N1 = 139; N2 = 108)—assigned to groups of four to six members—rated each other by completing a variant of the affective priming task to assess implicit interpersonal attraction and a self-report to measure explicit interpersonal attraction. Social relations analyses indicated that implicit and explicit interpersonal attraction were (a) primarily present on the relationship level, (b) reliably assessed, (c) independent of each other, and (d) predicted behavior in subsequent interactions. Importantly, implicit interpersonal attraction predicted both actual behavior in an online game and friendly behavior in a group discussion task above and beyond explicit interpersonal attraction.