A procedure was developed for construction of industrial strains of distiller's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It includes several steps: construction of congenic genetically marked haploid strains of opposite mating types starting from an industrial strain of hybrid nature, integrative transformation of the above haploid strains with a DNA fragment containing an expression cassette responsible for new technological facilities, and hybridization of transformants and isolation of final industrial homozygous strains under experimental conditions simulating commercial fermentation processes. This strategy permits the generation of strains that have desirable characteristics of traditional races of distiller's yeast along with new technological facilities determined by the particular expression cassette. Using this procedure, we have constructed an industrial strain with improved amylolytic activity. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A crystalline compound of formula C 29 H 48 O with mp 186.5-188.0°C was isolated from the acetone extract of aerial parts of Artemisia abrotanum collected in Nakhchivan AR. Its structure was established as 24E-ethylcholesta-6(7),20(21)-dien-3E-ol based on spectral (IR, NMR, 13 C, DEPT 135, and DEPT 90) data.The isolation of three steroidal compounds (1-3) from aerial parts of Artemisia abrotanum L., two of which (1 and 2) were identified as E-sitosterol and stigmasterol based on spectral data, was recently reported. The structure of the third compound (3) was established as 24E-ethylcholesta-6,22-dien-3E-ol, which was a new steroid that we called artabrosterol-A [1].A fourth compound (C 29 H 48 O, mp 186.5-188.0°C) isolated from A. abrotanum was called artabrosterol-B. Its IR spectrum had characteristic absorption bands for OH (3470 cm -1 ) and double bonds (1650 and 1668 cm -1 ). A strong band at 892 cm -1 was analogous to a band at 890 cm -1 in the IR spectrum of 3E-acetoxy-24D-methylcholest-20(21)-ene, eucanbin, etc. and suggested that the molecule contained a methylene double bond [2][3][4].The IR spectrum of artabrosterol-B was very similar to those of other steroidal compounds such as E-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and artabrosterol-A (6-epistigmasterol).A small amount of the new compound accompanied artabrosterol-A and was isolated from mother liquors of fractions after isolating the latter.The PMR spectrum of artabrosterol-B had overlapping resonances in the methyl region (0.8-1.3 ppm) that belonged to five methyls including two angular, one ethyl, and two isopropyl methyls. Singlets (1H) at 4.82 and 4.87 ppm belonged to protons of a methylene double bond. The resonance of the gem-hydroxyl proton was observed as a triplet at 3.40 ppm (1H, t, J = 11.0 Hz). Two resonances (5.10 and 5.25 ppm, 1H each, J = 10.0 Hz) were assigned to the two protons of the secondarysecondary double bond.The 13 C NMR spectrum of the compound that was taken with full proton spin-spin decoupling showed 29 singlets corresponding to the number of C atoms in the empirical formula.The 13 C DEPT 135 NMR spectrum of artabrosterol-B exhibited 26 resonances belonging to 26 protonated C atoms. Of these, resonances at 15. 10, 15.23, 20.15, 20.25, and 20.40 ppm belonged to five methyls. Ten resonances (22.12, 24.20, 24.50, 26.15, 34.30, 38.90, 40.05, 42.80, 43.50, and 45.10 ppm) in the methylene region of the DEPT 135 NMR spectrum were characteristic of ten saturated methylenes. Resonances at 107.80, 142.25, and 146.50 ppm were indicative of the presence of two double bonds in artabrosterol-B [2]. Resonances at 34.90, 38.41, 44.00, 46.20, 53.30, 54.35, 57.82, and 75.06 ppm corresponded to eight methine C atoms. The last resonance (75.06 ppm) was due to a single C on O and confirmed that the molecule had a secondary OH group (>C-OH).As noted above, the compound contained two double bonds according to PMR and 13 C DEPT 135 spectra. One of them was a methylene; the other, a secondary-secondary type.Therefore, it was assumed that the compound w...
The crystal structure and atomic dynamics (vibrational properties) of the [Formula: see text] compound are studied at room temperature and under normal conditions. The monoclinic symmetry crystal structure of the P61 space group is explained by the polyhedral structure. The studies were carried out by the method of Raman spectroscopy. In the spectrum obtained in the frequency range [Formula: see text]–800 cm[Formula: see text], four main vibrational modes were observed: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]. The analysis showed that these modes correspond to the vibration of different polyhedra. Modes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] correspond to vibrations of bipyramids, and modes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text] correspond to vibrations of tetrahedra.
Impact Factor:ISRA (India) = 1.344 ISI (Dubai, UAE) = 0.829 GIF (Australia) = 0.564 JIF = 1.500
BACKGROUND: Low muscle mass increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) and prediabetes. Nutrition is an important factor in the study of the relationship between low muscle mass and the development of glucose metabolic disorders.AIM: The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between prediabetes and low muscle mass on the basis of serum creatinine levels, taking into account patient nutrition.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 551 patients aged 18–69 years without DM 2. The glucose level was determined based on fasting glucose and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Hyperglycemia is assessed according to the classification of the World Health Organization. The MedDietScore questionnaire was used to assess the nutritional factor, which determines the adherence of patients to the Mediterranean diet. In order to assess odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), a binary logistic regression was performed.RESULTS: The prevalence of prediabetes in the group with the lowest and highest blood creatinine level was 31.9% and 17.5% respectively (p=0.016). As a result of the conducted regression analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between low creatinine levels and the chances of having prediabetes (crude OR 2,07, 95% CI 1,21; 3,56), which persisted after adjusting for socio-demographic, anthropometric factors, stress level and physical activity as well as muscle strength. After adding the data on MedDietScore to the statistical model, the revealed relationship was lost (p = 0.187).CONCLUSION: Low serum creatinine increases the chances of the presence of prediabet regardless of gender, age, body weight index, the volume of the hips, the ratio of the volume of the waist to growth, as well as physical activity, the level of stress and muscular power. However, the chances of the presence of prediabet do not differ in persons with low creatinine blood depending on the commitment to the Mediterranean diet among the population of those living in the Turkestan region.
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