Organic protective coatings are widely used in corrosion control. However, environmental standards establish that the volatile organic compounds either must be removed or controlled at the lowest possible levels. The carcinogenic environmental impact of volatile organic compounds has led to the substitution of solventborne coatings by water-borne coating systems. Among recently developed water-borne coatings, epoxy-and acrylic-based coatings have a special significance over other reported water-borne systems. Keeping in mind, the importance of water-borne coatings in the present work, we report the synthesis of water-borne epoxy-acrylate (EpAc) and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) as well as formulation of their anticorrosive coatings. The structural elucidation of MF-cured EpAc was carried out by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The coatings of EpAc-MF were applied on mild steel strips and were evaluated for physicochemical, physicomechanical characterization, and the anticorrosive performance under different environmental conditions. The present coating system EpAc coatings exhibited superior performance as compared to the reported water-borne epoxyacrylate coatings. The presence of melamine-formaldehyde in the resin increases the scratch hardness, impact resistance, alkali resistance, and thermal stability of these coatings. EpAc-MF-1 was found to cure at ambient temperature and exhibit good physicomechanical properties.
The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of waterborne interpenetrating network (IPN) of epoxy-acrylic-oleic acid (EpAcO) with butylated melamine formaldehyde (BMF). The effect of BMF on the formation of IPN was investigated in terms of physicochemical, spectral, morphological, and thermal analyses. The coating properties of the IPN were investigated for their physicomechanical, corrosion resistance, and antimicrobial activity. The formation of the IPN was confirmed by FTIR and 1 H NMR analyses as well as physicochemical properties. The EpAcO-BMF IPN coatings were found to exhibit far superior corrosion resistance performance and good thermal stability when compared with the reported waterborne epoxy acrylic-melamine formaldehyde systems [EpAc-MF]. The preliminary antimicrobial investigations of the IPNs were carried out by agar diffusion method against some bacteria and fungi. The results revealed that antimicrobial activities were enhanced upon the formation of IPN.
Background:
In this article, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by the biological green technique, using the aqueous extracts obtained from fruits of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm). This method is simple, rapid, non-toxic, and sustainable, and substitutes for the conventional physical/chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of AgNPs derived from date fruit extract have not been mentioned in the earlier studies.
Methods:
The biosynthesized AgNPs are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) methods. The assessment of antimicrobial effect towards human pathogenic microbial strains and their potential cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were also evaluated.
Results:
FT-IR spectral studies showed that phytomolecules such as carbohydrates, phenolic acids and flavonoids present in date fruits extract are involved in the reduction and capping of the AgNPs. UV-vis spectrum revealed Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 425 nm which attributes the presence of AgNPs in aqueous extract. TEM micrographs showed that AgNPs particle diameter is ranged from 20 nm to 100 nm with spherical morphology. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity towards human microbial strains. Phytosynthesized NPs also induce cytotoxicity via necrosis, apoptosis and mitodepressive mechanisms that can disturb the cellular components at various stages of cell cycle.
Conclusion:
The present study concludes that biologically synthesized AgNPs using Phoenix dactylifera is cost-effective, rapid, non-toxic, and sustainable and can be effectively used as an adjunct for the treatment of breast carcinoma.
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