This paper examines the economic effects of milk powder imports on domestic milk industry and consumers' welfare. Domestic milk production fullfilled around 40% of the demand in 2016. The generalized inverse demand system model was employed. The result shows that a 10% increase in milk powder imports increases consumers' welfare by USD 20 million and fresh milk and local milk powder industry will suffer economic losses. Therefore, until domestic producers develop the capacity to compete with international competitors, government should provide subsidies, credit facilities and technical assistance to all dairy farmers, middlemen, milk collecting centers, dairy farmers associations and cooperatives involved in domestic dairy industry. Government should provide assistance and facilities to domestic fresh milk processors to promote fresh milk consumption by non-price competition strategy. Importers of milk products and local milk processors could use this finding to develop their business strategy.
Irrigation tanks are classic examples of common pool resources that have been traditionally managed by local communities. However, the tank performance under community management in Tamil Nadu has declined over the last few decades and threatened the local livelihoods. This study investigates the effect of community management on irrigation tank performance using village‐level two‐period data collected across 100 tank‐intensive villages in Tamil Nadu. To address the problems encountered in the subjective measures, this study adopts an objective assessment method using the satellite imageries of Landsat‐7 to derive tank performance measures. Satellite‐derived data are then incorporated with the field survey data and used in the analysis. The results show that community participation in tank management has a significant positive impact on tank performance, suggesting that strengthening traditional institutions in irrigation tank management can be a viable strategy for reviving tank irrigation systems.
This study estimates willingness to pay (WTP) for different sustainable ecosystem management measures in the Jaffna lagoon. For this study, 118 fishermen were randomly selected along the lagoon. Choice modelling approach was employed and a conditional logit model was developed. This study found that fishermen from village communities are willing to pay more for increasing the number of mangroves and improving tourist facilities. The availability of land for planting mangroves and improving tourist facilities and increasing income from other sources positively influence the fisherman’s WTP for sustainable ecosystem management. Establishing fishing harbour facilities, properly planned multi-storey housing units in town areas would increase fishermen’s support for planting mangroves and developing tourist spots. Increasing income from other sources and fishermen’s awareness on the impact of inappropriate fishing gears and enforcing mechanism would increase fishermen’s support to ban the inappropriate fishing gears. Based on this study, government authority could make appropriate policy for urban and village coastal lagoon ecosystem management.
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