This work deals with the monitoring and assessment of water quality of the Tigris River within Baghdad. Samples were taken monthly from September 2018 till August 2019 for a year, from eleven sites in Baghdad city. The National Sanitation Foundation Index (NSF-WQI) values of river water deteriorated from “medium” to “bad” to “very bad” in almost all the eleven sampling sites. The water quality is found to be most deteriorate during the summer season with an average NSF-WQI value of 34.9 as compared to spring, winter and autumn seasons, having an average NSF-WQI value of 40.8, 43.1 and 44, respectively. Out of the eleven sampling sites, Al-Wathba site (S7) and Al-Rasheed site (S11) is observed to be the most polluted sites. The metal pollution index (MI) model is categorized the water quality of the Tigris as seriously affected where the Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb), are prominent parameters and most deteriorated in this model. Based on these indices, it is concluded that industrial facilities, city wastewater and intensives communities that living along the river bank are negatively affecting the water quality of the Tigris River.

This study aimed to determine the amount of heavy metal pollution in the Al Garraf River sediment in Wasit, Iraq. Seven samples were gathered from the Al-Gharraf River in July 2021. GPS was used to determine the geographic location of these samples. The pollution level in the Al Gharraf River sediments caused by manganese, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, zinc, nickel, copper, and lead pollution indices such as enrichment factor, geo-accumulation, contamination factor, and pollution load were used to analyze the situation. Although geo-accumulation has mostly been used to evaluate contamination in freshwater sediment, one of the most frequently utilized factors is an enrichment to quantify to determine degrees of anthropogenic contamination and ratios of enrichment. On the other hand, the pollution load index is calculated as the number of times the concentration of heavy metals in sediments exceeds the concentration and level and is used for estimating the total amount of toxicity of heavy metals in samples. At the same time, our study discovered that cadmium is heavily polluted (contamination value is 5.70) in Al Gharraf River sediments, while nickel (1.51) and lead (1.75) are moderately polluted, but that the metals manganese, cobalt, chromium, zinc, and copper are not.

In the Tahlawi River Basin in Diyala Province in eastern Iraq and the corresponding areas in Iran, GIS and remote sensing approaches are used to classify the morphological characteristics of watersheds and assess their characteristics. Morphometric parameters such as aerial and linear aspects of the basin of the Tahlawi River were determined and measured. The drainage pattern of the river is dendritic, and it also stands 6th in the order of river basins. This means that the drainage density flow is medium. The circularity ratio value shows that the basin’s geological components are homogeneous. This study provides important information for the population of the basin in investing its resources for development.

الوضع الجيولوجي للسهل الرسوبي في وسط وجنوب العراق هو جزء من حوض مابين النهرين ضمن الهيئة التكتونية للعراق. ان السهل الرسوبي هو حوض كبير مستمر بالهبوط ومغطى بكامله بترسبات العصر الرباعي السميكة لنهري دجلة والفرات وروافدهما وتفرعاتهما. استلم هذا الحوض ترسبات ما قبل العصر الرباعي من بقية أجزاء حوض مابين النهرين وحزام زاكروس الجبلي, من الشمال والشمال الشرقي والشرق, وكذلك من الجزء الداخلي المستقر من المسطبة العربية, من الغرب والجنوب. ان حوض السهل الرسوبي هو نطاق بنيوي متحرك ويضم العديد من الطيات والصدوع. ان للعديد من هذه التراكيب تأثيرات على رواسب العصر الرباعي والأشكال السطحية الحالية (الأشكال الجيومورفولوجية), مثل قنوات الأنهار المتروكة, المراوح الفيضية النشطة والخامدة, والأشكال الطوبوغرافية لبعض الطيات تحت السطحية, جميعها دلائل على وجود حركات بنيوية حديثة في هذا الحوض.