This paper introduces our international research project ‘The impact of federalisation on Nepal's health system: a longitudinal analysis’, which is examining the effects of changing Nepal’s constitution towards a federal republic on its health system. After a short overview of recent changes in the constitution of Nepal, which in turn affects the organisation of the nation’s health system, we offer a short theoretical introduction on the decentralisation of health systems. We briefly outline the WHO (World Health Organization) Health System Building Blocks and some of the issues for policy and practice that have arisen in other countries where similar major system-wide reforms have been implemented. After this, we outline the key research questions and research methods of our study, which involves an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from Nepal and the UK and will be conducted over a period of three years, from 2020 to 2023.
The article emphasizes the importance of implementing Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) and circular economy principles for effective solid waste management, which prioritizes waste prevention, recycling, and environmentally sound disposal practices. The article provides an overview of how ISWM and circular economy principles have been successfully implemented in several countries worldwide and emphasizes the need for their adoption in Nepal, where proper solid waste management systems are often inadequate or non-existent. The article provides insights into the challenges and opportunities for Nepal in adopting such practices and recommends practical methods for improving waste management in the country. The researchers conducted a comprehensive search of the available literature on the topic of ISWM and circular economy in Nepal to draw conclusions and recommendations for the future direction of solid waste management in Nepal. Although, there is the formulation of new laws and policies related to solid waste management in Nepal, the country lacks active implementation of the laws by both governments and waste management companies.
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