A relatively simple disease management program reduced hospitalizations and ED visits for COPD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00126776).
Background: The accurate, reliable and timely assessment of students is an essential domain of teaching during Medical professional courses. The Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) are time tested method of ready assessment of undergraduate students. Although it evaluates student's cognitive knowledge but does not evaluate professional skills. However it is said that MCQs emphasize recall of factual information rather than conceptual understanding and interpretation of concepts.
Objectives:The main objective of the study is to analyse the items with the help of item analysis and select the items which are good for incorporation into future question bank with reliability.Materials and Methods: This study was done in Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Patna. A 396 first year MBBS students of different batches took the MCQ test comprising 60 questions in two sessions. During the evaluation process of MCQ's each correct response was awarded one mark and no marks was awarded for any incorrect response. Each item was analysed for difficulty index, discrimination index and distractor effectiveness. Results: The overall mean of Facilitative value, Discrimination Index, Distractor Effectiveness and Correlation Coefficient was 66.09 (±21.55), 0.26 (±0.16), 18.84 (±10.45) and 0.55±0.22 respectively.
Conclusion:The framing of MCQ should be according to Bloom's classification to assess cognitive, affective as well as psychomotor domain of the students. The MCQ having poor and negative discrimination should be reframed and again should be analysed.
Productivity, mainly a measure of output per unit of input, is a closely watched economic performance indicator because of its contribution to a healthy and thriving economy. Agriculture, in particular, has been a very successful sector of the Indian Economy in terms of productivity growth. Thus, productivity growth in agriculture is both necessary and sufficient condition for the economic development. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is based on technology and technical efficiency. It is not dependent on growth in inputs like land, labour and capital. Malmquist Index can measure change in TFP between any two locations or between different time periods of the same location. Online software has been developed to compute TFP Index based on Malmquist Index. The purpose of this paper is to describe features and functional details of online software for computation of Malmquist Index (MalmSoft). This software is completely menu driven and presents user-friendly GUI which is developed to minimize efforts in using the software. This software will ease the computation of Malmquist Index which is used by agricultural researchers working in the area of agricultural productivity.
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