Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) consider a minor ailment in patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, seen in 21-65% cases but it causes significant distress and increases postoperative morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. This study was done to compare nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine to treat POST.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind control clinical study. After approval from institution ethical and scientific committee, study was conducted in between May 2015-April 2016. Written and informed consent was obtained from 100 patients of either sex aged between 20-65 years. ASA I-II, undergoing surgery in supine position lasting up to two hour. Patients were randomized into two groups Group K (n=50) nebulized with 50 mg ketamine (1cc) + 3cc NS =4cc, Group KC (n=50) nebulized with ketamine 50mg (1cc) + clonidine 150µg (1cc) + 2cc NS for 15 min, before general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The POST and hemodynamic variable were monitored before nebulization, after nebulization, before induction, on arrival to PACU and at 4, 8, 12, 24 hours post operatively. POST was graded on 4 point scale (0-3).Results: Overall incidence of POST was 46% (Group K-40%, KC-6%). The Incidence and severity of POST were significantly attenuated in Group KC in comparison to Group K at 4 hours (P= 0.002), 8 hours (P=0.000), 12 hours (P= 0.000) and at 24 hours (P=0.000).Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with clonidine and ketamine mixture compared to ketamine is more effective in dealing with postoperative sore throat with no adverse effects.
It is known that there exists close relationship between cranial capacity and size of the brain. Several studies have estimated the cranial capacity, which indirectly reflects the brain volume in different populations. The aim of this study was to estimate cranial capacity of a particular age group of population of Madhya Pradesh. This study was carried out on 400 healthy 20-25 year old (200 male and 200 female) individuals of Madhya Pradesh state of India, by using linear dimensions of head (Lee Pearson's formula). The mean cranial capacity and SD in males & females were 1380.52± 94.63 cc and 1188.75± 91.16 cc respectively. This study has shown a significant (p<0.05) difference between male and female population, being higher in males than in females. RESUMEN:Se sabe que existe relación entre la capacidad craneana y el tamaño del cerebro. Varios estudios han estimado la capacidad craneana, la que indirectamente refleja el volumen del cerebro en diferentes poblaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la capacidad craneana en un grupo de edad específica de la población de Madhya Pradesh. Este estudio fue realizado en 400 sujetos sanos de 20 a 25 años de edad (200 hombres y 200 mujeres) del estado de Madhya Pradesh, India, mediante el uso de las dimensiones lineales de la cabeza (fórmula Lee Pearson). La capacidad craneana media y DS en los hombres y mujeres fue 1380,52± 94,63 cc y 1188,75± 91,16 cc respectivamente. Este estudio demostró una disminución significativa (p <0,05) entre la población masculina y femenina, siendo mayor en hombres que en mujeres.
Introduction:The most restricting component of regional anaesthesia in geriatric patients is hypotension inspite of several advantages. The present study aimed to reduce hypotensive effect of local anaesthetics by reducing their dose and by adding fentanyl. Materials and Methods: We selected 120 elderly patients (≥65 years) scheduled for cemented bipolar prosthesis under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomized into two groups (Group -I: n=60, Group -II: n=60). Group I patients received 2.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Group II patients received 2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine plus 25 µgm fentanyl. Duration of surgery, hemodynamic variables, adverse effect, need for analgesic supplementation were recorded. Result: Hypotension was more frequent in Group-I than Group-II (83.3% versus 8.33%). Bradycardia is more in Group-I than in Group-II (66.67% versus 5%). Need of I. V. Fentanyl for alleviation of discomfort was same in both groups. Conclusion: Addition of intrathecal fentanyl provides better hemodynamic stability without compromising quality of anaesthesia.
Background: Highly selective or proximal gastric vagotomy is one of the definitive treatment for gastric ulcers. The results of this operation in comparison to truncal vagotomy is well appreciated by the surgeons. On the contrary incomplete and inadequate performance of this procedure results in recurrence of ulcer, post vagotomy diarrhoea and dumping syndrome. Knowledge about the normal and abnormal patterns of the anterior and posterior gastric nerves is imperative to the surgeons performing highly selective vagotomy. Most studies of this region have been performed on western population and the perspective of truncal and highly selective vagotomy is based on western literature only. However Indian studies regarding this one, are only few and far in-between. Aims & Objective: To study the variations of anterior of Latarjet & its implication in surgical treatment of peptic ulcer. Materials and Methods: This nature of study on Indian population in this part of the country is an initiative. 55 stomach specimens were utilized for the study. The present study was divided in to 3 parts: (i) Cadaveric specimens-12 in numbers; (ii) Autopsy specimens-40 in numbers; and (iii) Foetal Specimens-3 in number. The anterior gastric nerve was dissected out from the level of commencement to the level of termination by dissection method. The branching pattern, plexus formation and crow's foot appearance at the level of termination of anterior gastric nerve were studied. Results of present study were statically analyzed & compared with the findings of previous research workers. Results: The study of pattern of the anterior nerve of Latarjet in the present study showed wide variations in terms of branching pattern, plexus formation and crow's foot appearance. Conclusion: The discussion emphasises the most important anatomical details relevant to the achievement of adequate highly selective vagotomy. Knowledge of these variations is of great importance for the surgeons performing highly selective vagotomy to achieve better results.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.