Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a gestational complication that affects maternal and child health. The placenta provides the fetus with the necessary nutrition and oxygen and takes away the metabolic waste. Patients with GDM are diagnosed and treated merely on the basis of the blood glucose level; this approach does nothing to help evaluate the status of the placenta, which is worth noting in GDM. The purpose of this research was to clarify the relation between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the placenta of patients with GDM, which has thus far remained unclear. Methods: The expression of TXNIP in the placentas of 10 patients with GDM and 10 healthy puerperae (control group) was investigated via immunofluorescence. The relation among TXNIP, ROS, and the function of mitochondria was explored in HTR-8/SVneo cells stimulated by high glucose (HG). Results: The results showed the expression of TXNIP in the placentas of patients with GDM was higher than that in the control group, and the expression of TXNIP in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with HG was higher than that in the control group, causing the accumulation of ROS and changes of mitochondria, promoting apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Conclusions: High expression of TXNIP caused by HG mediates the increasing ROS and the mitochondria dysfunction in GDM; this impairs the function of the placenta and is the basis for the prediction of perinatal outcome.
Transmission components are the main mechanical elements in a machine system, the accuracy level of the transmission system is one of the major sources of the machining error of multiaxis machine tools. This article investigates motion error analysis, volumetric motion error model for transmission system and the accuracy allocation method for multiaxis machine tools during the early design stage. For this purpose, a transmission system volumetric motion error model, which is based on the motion error matrix and screw theory, is derived for mapping transmission components' error parameters to the volumetric motion errors of machine tools. The volumetric motion error matrix combines motion errors along the machine tools' kinematic chains. Subsequently, the volumetric motion error model is expressed as a volumetric motion error twist, which is formulated from the volumetric motion error matrix. Additionally, the transmission system volumetric motion error twist model is used as design criteria for accuracy optimum allocation, with constraints on the twist magnitude and design variable limits. Then, design optimization is performed by using a multiobjective nonlinear optimization technique to minimize the manufacturing cost and volumetric motion error twist pitch. To solve this multiple objective optimum problem, this study proposes an approach integrating Lagrange multiplier and gradient descent operator with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II searches for an allocation scheme Pareto optimal front. Consequently, VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) determines the best compromise solution from the Pareto set. Finally, a numerical experiment for the optimal design of a numerical control machine tool is conducted, which highlights the advantages of the proposed methodology.
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