Use of statin treatment was associated with a 28% lower risk of revitrectomy in patients operated due to RRD. Further randomized clinical trials are highly warranted.

HR, PPI, PPGA, ANSS, ANSSI, SPI, and RE-SE detect autonomic responses to nociceptive stimuli and differentiate between tonsillectomies on locally anaesthetized tonsils from controls.

In diabetic patients with DME or PDR, the intravitreal levels of permeability and proangiogenic factors Ang-2 and VEGF were lower in simvastatin-treated than in those without statin medication. Moreover, the levels of MMP-9 and TGF-β1, factors involved in the breakdown of basement membrane and fibroproliferation, were lower in patients with PDR having simvastatin medication. When acetylsalicylic acid was combined with simvastatin treatment, the intraocular levels of Ang-2 and VEGF were significantly lower than in diabetics treated with simvastatin alone. These data provide a novel insight into the potential protective mechanisms underlying simvastatin medication in patients with diabetic retinopathy complications.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: Extracellular purines play important role in ocular physiology, diabetes, vascular remodelling and adaptation to inflammation. This study was aimed to evaluate intravitreal purine levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other non-vascular vitreoretinal eye diseases. Methods: Vitreous samples were collected at the start of the three-port pars plana vitrectomy. Study group comprised 55 eyes operated due to sightthreatening forms of DR, including eyes of 24 patients with proliferative DR. Of the 143 non-diabetic controls, 112 had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and 31 macular hole or pucker. Intravitreal purine concentrations were determined using a combination of bioluminescent [adenosine 5 0 -triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5 0 -diphosphate (ADP)] and fluorometric [adenosine 5 0 -monophosphate (AMP), adenosine, inosine] enzyme-coupled sensing assays. Results: Compared with non-diabetic controls, DR eyes contained significantly higher (p < 0.01) concentrations of ATP (4.2 AE 0.6 versus 34.5 AE 13.7 nM; mean AE SEM), ADP (19.5 AE 2.7 versus 43.7 AE 14.5 nM) and AMP (1290 AE 115 versus 1876 AE 190 nM). Intravitreal adenosine and inosine levels varied within submicromolar to low micromolar range, and their concentrations did not differ between the groups studied. Conclusions: High concentrations of intravitreal nucleotides ATP, ADP and AMP may be related to the pathogenesis of sight-threatening forms of DR.

BackgroundRhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common form of retinal detachment and an ophthalmic emergency. Here, we compared outcomes of primary RRD eyes operated with conventional scleral buckling (SB) with cryoretinopexy to those operated with standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).MethodsThis is an institutional, retrospective, register-based, observational, comparative study. Based on the surgical procedure, 319 eyes of 319 patients were divided into two groups: SB plus cryotherapy (n=50) and PPV (n=269). Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded at 30 days and reoperation rates within 180 days postoperatively.ResultsEyes operated with PPV had less reoperations within the first 180 days as compared with SB eyes (P=0.001, log-rank test); however, changes in IOP were more prominent (mean ± standard deviation: +8.1±8.8 vs. +4.4±7.0 mmHg, respectively; P=0.006). Changes in BCVA did not differ between the surgical procedures.ConclusionPPV was associated with higher primary anatomic success rates and lower risk of reoperation but significant IOP elevation when compared to SB. These factors should be case-specifically considered when choosing treatment modality for primary RRD.