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This article offers a review of the literature on transnational labor regimes and statelessness to pursue further theorization from East and Southeast Asian contexts. The main focus is on how local norms (local sense of belonging, local moral code, and local hierarchies) are entangled with national-level citizenship regimes to legitimate the discrimination of certain people to be statelessness and secure lowwage migrant workers for the new global labor regime. First, traditional literature on citizenship and statelessness was reviewed; binary theoretical frameworks (including citizens/ excluding non-citizens) based on political recognition were indicated as the main limitations. Second, recent theories arguing for an intersection between national citizenship regimes and a new global labor regime were reviewed. Third, recent theories that illuminate the importance of local contexts in determining citizens' rights were reviewed based on formal exclusion and informal inclusion as well as formal inclusion and informal exclusion. Finally, it was concluded that further theorization is needed on how citizenship regimes and local norms intersect to produce statelessness, securing low-wage migrant workers for the global labor regime through the global assemblages approach. Through

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This study aims to confirm the diversity of intra-Asian female marriage migrants in Japan with comprehensive statistics.Methodologically, I used quantitative method, collecting appropriate data from local demographic and immigration statistics in Japan. Simultaneously, I reviewed related empirical studies on the various factors affecting marriage migration, including those written in the local language (Japanese). Results indicate that 42.9 per cent of intra-Asian female marriage migrants in Japan were middle-aged women whose marriages to Japanese men were their second.Beyond a simple development-migration nexus perspective on marriage migration in Asia, middle-aged women entering Japan for their second marriage often aim to escape social stigmatization and poverty and to overcome the difficulties of marrying late or remarrying in their own countries.A more complex intersectionality of gender-class-age stigmatization should be considered to understand marriage migration. The findings have important policy implications for both origin and destination countries.

There is a gap between the legal definition of abandoned children and the ambiguous condition of migrants' abandoned children. Building on the theoretical frameworks of Mahdavi's 'legal production of illegality', and Gonzales's 'the law and the clock', this article highlights the importance of time as a factor for the legal production of statelessness. The cases of abandoned children of Southeast Asian parentage growing up in Japanese orphanages are analysed through interviews with staff members and a survey in orphanages in Japan. Two concepts are essential to analyse the role of time in the legal production of statelessness: 1) presumptive foreign nationality (attached by a local government without any confirmation from the home country), and 2) considered nationality (officials' personal opinion on whether people qualify to acquire nationality). The ambiguous abandonment of migrants' children pushes them into a limbo of nationality laws and results in their statelessness once they become adults.